Answers to Questions on Product and Service Design

Answers to Questions on Product and Service DesignP7 Identify the key factors affecting the name of products or service of given scheme and contingent benefit to be gained from proficient designFactors Affecting Organizational Service Design quest ar the factor mostly affecting the way an establishment operates their service those be the pursualOrganization sizeThe smaller the aspirement the lesser chance of a clump structure of that organization ordain be. instead of undermentioned in small organization the individuals may simply furthermoste tasks the way they want and whatever is required to them. There may be rules go under by the firm just to provide guideline with the servicing of which members of organization after dissolve discombobulate decisions.As an organization develops, however, it be grows overmuch effortful to manage the tasks with erupt more than globe structure of assigning tasks, or with commission approximately of authorities to the cut down hierarchy, and hence large firms produce commute tasks and e really exploit is done by proper guidelines and procedures.Organization conduct cycleOrganizations t cease to proceed and get progress through diverse phases which atomic number 18 screamed as a life cycle. Most firms go through the following stagesBirth In this stage, a firm is just blood line their headache consummations. At this stage the firms hardly commit a formal structure. We potful non find much delegation of authority in the beginning stage of the firm.Y come onh This is the variety in which firms turn out to plow the business. The focus of the firm in this stage is on becoming bigger firm. The owner of the firm diverts its attention from satisfying his own wishes to satisfying wishes of the customers. During this phase at that place is a command for the firm to design more formal structure for operating their trading accomplishments and almost delegation of authority come into ef fect.Midlife This is where the organization has achieved a fair direct of success. A larger organization in this stage, have a more formal structure. The levels get off append in their chain of command and the organization may find it to rough to manage e actuallything with take in.Maturity In this phase the organization reaches to maturity stage where their lack innovations and they be not unremarkably interested in expanding their business. Their tension in this stage is more on increasing their profit and sustainability.Organizations in this phase are slowly moving toward decline and may whole step the need to bring on necessary changes to revitalize. As firms tend to get bigger, the organizations interpret more structural changesStrategyStrategy refers to a situation in which the way firm square offtle itself in the trade place memory in picture their run or products. An organization may specify to be always the first to introduce the newest and best products in the provenderstuff ( contraryiation of products strategy), or it leave behind produce already established products in the market more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Any of these strategies requires a structure that essential fit the strategy.EnvironmentThe purlieu is the place in which the firm is operating, and the factors much(prenominal) economic conditions, social and cultural situation, law and piece situation, proficient dapple and natural environs condition diverges the design of organizationsOrganization understand the learns of their customers very comfortably in a more inactive environment, and then firms try to satisfy those indigences accordingly. That is the reason organization remains in the market for a vast period of condemnation. The customers demands sustainment changing in the opposite of st equal to(p) environment and hence firms experience difficulty in satisfying them.In conclusion mechanistic organizational structure puke b e more beneficial for those operating in a more stable environment and hence this remains increases the efficiency level of the organization which ultimately pass on modify their doing in the lifelong run.TechnologyAdvancement in technology is the birth of change in the design of organizations be safari it supporters organization in achieving high efficiency level and help them in cut down their long term cost of production. The following are the form of latest technological production techniquesBatch ProductionBatch production is the process in which instead of manufacturing point in epochs individually, things are produced in batches. The manufacturing process takes place for each item at the same and batch of products or items are not parapraxised to an different(prenominal) stage individually instead all batches are moved to the other stage of production when the each batch of items is completed. hoi polloi ProductionMass production is the process of manufacturing la rge amount of products in less measure by utilizing time saving assembly. It helps a manufacturer to increase their histrion per hour production and it as wholesome reduces the manufacturer labor costs of the utmost product. And then firms impart be able to sell their products at lesser cost to attract more customers.Continuous Process ProductionIn this system the manufacturers produce products by feeding the required raw materials incessantly in a latest technological system. Such systems are operated by less labors, examples loafer be automated oil refineries and chemical factories.Advantages of a steady-going service or product designsFirms cigaret attract more customers by reservation more attracting products with good design and good services.Firms pile better communicate with their customers through their good product or services designs.A good design makes a firms services or products more purposers friendly.It reduces the production costs of an organization and it enables them to gain better profit margin.As it reduces the costs of production then it helps an organization to gain agonistical return over their rivals because they exit be able to sell their services and products at lower price.Its objects are that Tasks should achieve all required outputs and be carried out at minimum cost in order to gain competitive advantage.P8 pardon the operational layout of the business/ incision under consideration. Discuss the outstanding features of the layout? trading operations LayoutThe basic layout of an operation is usually pin downd by the alternative of process organization. An efficient layout is one which minimizes heart and soul distance traveled by materials, customers or even staff. The frequency of journey should also be consideredFeatures of the LayoutIt enables higher utilization of blank shell, materials and employees.It cleanses the flow of materials, information, and employees.It increase employees motivation levels an d provide harmless lending conditions.It improves customers interaction with the organization.It obtains flexibility in the operations of the organization.Operations Layout of pizza pie pie hutThe layout of pizza army hut is not that good in our point of view because an efficient layout must minimize total distance covered by the materials and customers. The lay waste to house of pizza field hut from where they get the raw materials of pizzas is in Lahore which is far away from Peshawar and it takes time to reach Peshawar branch.The flow of information with their customers is very slow in a sense that when a customer call pizza army hut toll free number for ordering pizza pie, an mover sitting in Karachi takes their order who than later inform the Peshawar branch to pose the pizza to a specific location. Usually it takes 50 mints to verbalise Pizzas which is gravely. The company space outside the building is limited often than not customers compositors fount diffi culties in finding space for their cars.The pollution coming out of their kitchen to the environment is limited only the pollution coming of their generators are not. Peshawar is still confront load shedding (neediness of electricity) as a chair they get electricity for the dining hall and most importantly for running their machinery from huge generators which cause both encumbrance and pollution.The Pizza Hut Peshawar branch is located far away from the most important place (Hayatabad) where most their potential customers are living and delivering Pizza to them also takes much time.M3 How does the operations layout of the firm influence performance of given organization. Mention its positive and negative influence?Operations Layout is all to do with the performance of any organization in this case Pizza Hut. A good layout go out reduce their average total cost and can improve their soundly being among customers and vice versa. all organization needs to make up up their ope rations in much(prenominal) a way which can bring efficiency in their activities and help them in increasing their revenue and profits.Positive influences on Pizza HutIf Pizza Hut reconsiders their Operations Layout and bring the required changes in it, it can have the following positive influences on their performanceA good operations layout allow for reduce the time usually taken by their raw material to reach Peshawar branch in this way they pass on be able for satisfy customers demands on time and they volitioning not face material shortage due strikes, road blockage in other cities and hence their customers will be satisfied.If they improve their information system they will be able to receive customers order directly and they will be able to deliver Pizzas to their customers quickly than before this can bring efficiency in their activities and can improve their well being among customers.If they improve their greennessing space more customers will be able to park their cars at one time and hence more customers will trounce Pizza Hut which ultimately will help them to get more revenue and profits.If they are some how able to restrainer the pollution and noise than it will be considered as more environment friendly organization and it will help them in improving their well being and it will also help than to attract more customers and hence more revenue. alone these points discussed supra is the layout of Pizza Hut and if they able to improve their layout as discussed above it will have positive influences on their performance.Negative influences on Pizza HutIf they continue their current Operations layout than it can have the following negative influences on their performanceThe raw materials will take longer than required to reach Peshawar branch and it add more to their costs because the ictus cost is expensive due to the recent raise in gas and diesel prices.It can have negative influence on the language of Pizza to their customers because at that place is no direct promoter line from Peshawar to the customers hence it takes longer than required in delivering pizzas as a result customers can switch to nearby Pizza outlets to them desire Arabian Chicks, Chief burger. particular(a) car sink space is the biggest constraint in attracting more customers therefore customers can have Pizzas from Chief Burger which has large parking area, ultimately it affects their performances.Lack of interaction surrounded by their customers and their staff can have adversely affects on the performance of Pizza Hut because staff will be demotivated and customers will feel they are not important to Pizza Hut.A bad layout will add more to the costs of production and affects the performance of Pizza Hut as a whole.D3 Propose operation layout for the given organization and discuss how it will be better for the organization.Before suggesting an efficient operation lay out , we would the likes of to suggest certain points required to mak e an efficient Lay out only then Pizza Hut Peshawar will able to apparatus our suggested Lay out.Requirements for making a Good LayoutThey need to understand the need of capacity and space requirementsThey need to mete out appropriate equipments for handling materials.They need to take proper decisions regarding environment and its amelioration.They need to identify and understand the requirements for effective flow of informations.They need to identify the cost of moving between the many different work areas.Suggested Lay step up For Pizza HutPizza Hutt Peshawar needs to get a ware house on rent in Peshawar and especially in a place near to the Peshawar branch. In this way they will be able to get raw materials in less time and they can ancestry the remaining material back in the ware house. And they will be able to save much transport cost than before and they can use that money in improving their environment.They need to introduce an operator system in Peshawar as well who c an receive the orders from the slew of Peshawar and who have sufficient k immediatelyledge of the locations of Peshawar. In this way Pizza Hutt can receive orders quickly and then they will be able to deliver Pizzas in less time, it also improve their efficiency.They need to increase their parking space by contracting with army stadium officials regarding allowing their customers to park their cars there in this way more customers will come and their cars will be more safer.They need to control the pollution and noise coming out of their generator by making a separate covered place for their generator.They need to open new outlet in either university road where there biggest competitor chief burger is situated or in Hayat abad where there potential customers are living. This will help them in competing with their rivals and will also help them target their customers by either delivering them Pizzas in less time or by being easily accessible for those people.They need to improve the ir front desk for communication with their customers and handling their kitchen operations and for easy communication with their scrawl and notwithstandingter staff (waiters, manager) to provide better services and environment for their customers.P9 Discuss the invention of employment design, empowerment, and work measurement? cheat DesignWork locating intended to reduce or overcome job unhappiness and lack of interest of employee resulting from boring and repetitive tasks. In job design, firms try to maximize productivity levels by providing non financial awards to their labor force such as increasing the challenge and responsibility of some employees work. Other techniques used in Job design are Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation which can be defined asJob EnlargementJob design technique in which the number of tasks attached with a job is increased (and provided an appropriate training) to add great diversity to activities, thus reducing repetitiveness.Job Enric hmentIn this organizations increase the number of tasks executed by their employees as well as they increase their responsibilities in order to make their work more challenging and interesting.Job RotationJob Rotation means employees are moved between two or more jobs in a designed way. The objective is to make the employees to face different experiences to increase job satisfaction.EmpowermentEmpowerment is a concept which Involves delegating some authority to the process operators.In empowerment both individual police squad member must throw in to the business.In empowerment the lower most layers of guidance become unnecessary.Empowerment give chance of greater responsiveness lower employees do not have to acquire focus consent for making some decision themselves..It helps in Continuous improvement of the organization as employees will feel motivated and they will work all together for the success of the business.It helps organization to reduce the number of employee absente eism.It gives greater motivation and flexibility to the employees.Work MeasurementWork Measurement is a method acting which shows how much time a job or part of the job needs to take to complete their tasks. There are different techniques use to measure individual works.Method StudyMethod field of operation is ground on the principle that improvement should always stem from live practice. The proposed working methods are usually feasible. To ensure feasibility a five-spot stage methodology is usedSelect The area of activity to be studied is selected.Record The activity is ushered in detail to keep a sample of task performance.Examine the record is carefully analyzed, usually through some form of chart. The objective is to seek out areas of improvement. change procedures are developed out of outline. These are then tested.Install rewrite procedures are installed. Manuals are written, staff is instruct, new plant is obtained and installed and workplace layout is revised. intr oduce Problems can arise from changes. A presence is required to ensure that problems are dealt with promptly.P-10 Analyze the market of organization and select a capacity mean for the organization (nature of demand add together, volume variety, planning controlling)Outcome 4 conduct SupplyThe manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of gross gross sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. consort to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month). The unexpected orders can cause more demand of the product where as the availability of the ready to use product may be limited according to the expected demand for the shift. Therefore the fluctuation in expected demand and actual demand can cause the shortage of the products and ultimately this can play rough the one of the possible factors of the un talented customer and can cause the partitioning in the productivity of the whole as over all.The demand can also increase because of the good weather, special occasions like sports, rituals, festivals, and purchase power. According to the Manager of the unit, the demand for the food is high in the start of the month but that usually slow down in the end of the month due to the less availability of the funds with customers.Planning imperiousThe operations at Pizza hut can not be highlighted for any of the single functional unit. Rather it is the collection of several placed of the activities that take place with in the unit and make things possible by turning customer expectations into the reality.The success or the failure of the product depends on the performance of several functional units. Those functional units operate separately but connected with each other through the job activities. The preparednesss is the process of getting things ready, that will help to carry the out the operations in store. This involves activities like defrosting of dough, starters a nd cheese. So that can be used for the next day operations.If preparations for the following day operations is not up to the mark then that will cause difficulty or shortages of items that are necessary for the conversion process. The preparation is done on the basis of the next business day forecast. If the forecasted goods will not be made ready for the next day operations that will be virtually difficult for the next day shift manager to carry out the business operations.P-11 Identify different approaches of spirit control used by company. pure tone declare is a method of regular technical activities to measure as well as control the quality of the fund as it is being developed so the Quality Control method is designed towardProvide regular however consistent checks to guarantee data integrity, correctness along with fullnessIdentify and stand on errors as well as omissionsDocument and files descent material and record all Quality Control activities.In order to keep the p roduct quality up to the standard, that is very important to follow the set rules for the product shelf life. Different ingredients used in the pizza making process, carry different shelf life.The examine and the quality highly determine on the freshness of the ingredients, and the resultant the happiness of the customers. According to the Manager of Pizza hut, If, there is variance observed in the product quality that will overall affect productivity and finally the customer satisfaction level so this is not acceptable at all. He added, if company is expending a huge amount of money on the product promotions and market activities that is for the business. And also company provides the training to the employee to how to handle the product quality. So every single person should have to ensure the quality of the product and happy customer makes more return in the future.Total Quality focusing (TQM)This is the key factor for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees are at th e back of the house i.e. the kitchen assistants are train for that reason. They are given extra lessons to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is essential in order to satisfy the CHAMPS (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product, and Speed). This strategy is severely implemented in Pizza Hut in order to execute the quality standards. Different quality management team is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the charge to monitor whether the quality standards are met or not fleck there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the duty to implement quality standards and also to know whether they are achieved or not.Moreover there are personnel by name of CR Specialist (fully trained employee for quality control), they are visiting Pizza Hut Peshawar once in a month, they just come inside the outlet just like a customer, and first of all he/she observes everything li ke from entering into Pizza Hut until the end when he ends up with Pizza. If he/she finds any drawback in any of activity then he/she will complain to the headroom Office.P-12 Discuss various method of inventory planning. (Generally) inventoryingInventory in general refers to the materials in replacement. It is also called the idle resource of a firm. Inventories qualify those items which are either old-hated for sale or else they are in the process of manufacturing otherwise they are in the form of materials which are only to be utilized. The intermission between receiving the purchased parts furthermore transforming them into final products vary from industry to industry depending upon the cycle time of manufacturer. Therefore it is necessary to keep going inventories of different kinds to act as a buffer between give and demand for competent operation of the organization. Hence a valuable control on inventory is a necessity for smooth and efficient operation of the product ion cycle with slightest interruptions.Inventory ControlInventory control is a designed approach of determining what to order, when to order, how much to order and also how much to stock consequently that costs associated with buying and storing are finest without interrupting production and sales well inventory control basically deals with two problemsWhen an order should is lay? (Order level)How much should be ordered? (Order cadence)These questions are answered by the employ of inventory models. The systematic inventory control method strikes the sense of balance between the loss due to non-availability of an item plus cost of carrying the stock of an item. regular inventory control aims at concording best possible level of stock of goods required by the business at minimum cost to the business.Objectives of Inventory ControlTo make sure adequate tot of products to customer moreover avoids shortages as far as achievable.To ensure that the financial investment in inventories is smallest amount (i.e. to see that the working capital is fruitless to the minimum possible degree).Well-organized purchasing, storing, utilization and accounting for materials are an important goal.To keep timely record of inventories of all the items plus to maintain the stock within the preferred limits.To make sure timely action for refill.To make available a reserve stock for variations in direct times of delivery of materials.To stupefy a scientific base for both short-term as well as long-term planning of materials.Inventory Control MethodsABC analysis In this scan the categorization of existing inventory is based on yearbook consumption moreover the annual value of the items. Thus we get the quantity of inventory item consumed throughout the year and multiply it by unit cost to get annual usage charge. The items are then set in the descending order of such annual usage cost. The arena is carried out by drawing a graph based on the cumulative number of items and cumulat ive usage of consumption costHML analysis In this watch the categorization of existing inventory is based on unit price of the items. They are classified as high and spiritualist price respectively and low cost items.VED analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on criticality of the items. They are classified as vital, essential and desirable items as a result it is mainly used in spare parts inventory.FSN analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based consumption of the items. They are classified as fast moving, slow moving and non-moving items.SDE analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on the items. golf analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on sources of the items. They are classified as Government supply, normally available, topical anaesthetic accessibility and foreign source of supply items.SOS analysis In this study the categorization of existing in ventory is based on nature of supply of items. They are classified like seasonal and off-seasonal items.For effective inventory control, cabal of the techniques of ABC with VED or ABC with HML or VED with HML analysis is practically used.M-4 Explain the inventory planning of given organization (stock control method inventory control, cost benefit inventory control, supply chain management).Stock Control Method Inventory ControlThe manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. According to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month) well they are using two different freezers for carrying out their raw material. According to the Manager, he stated that they are using two types of freezers one is frigid freezer and another one is dry freezer and temperature for both of them set accordingly.Cost Benefit Inventory ControlThe cost of sales and the sales reve nue are the actual things that support the managers to run the business on track. If the numbers seems going out of the track they need be highlighted and called as variance. The variance is the difference between the Actual cost and Theoretical Cost. headword office set forecast and provide targets to the business stores. The targets are set with the help of previous year business performance and the expected events. That is called as theoretical cost. On the other hand the cost occurred in the business dates is the actual cost. So if there is any difference occurs that will be treating as variance.The cost of sales of the store for the current period shows the variance of 36.38The theoretical cost set by management was RS/-297407.7 and in fortune 22.46% where as the actual cost for the period occurred was RS/302346 in percentage 22.83%. The results steer the variance remained RS/4911.3.The variance in costing is the actual indicator of the performance. high the variance depicts higher the concerns persist with in the business unit. In present case in hand, the above depicted variance treated to be normal. The business operations can not work on the direct set tracks because the forecasted things can not happen on the absolute behaviors as predicted.Supply Chain drivers of Pizza HutSupply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and the losers in this business, drivers play an important role in impairment of the responsiveness and efficiency. We must examine the cross-functional and logistical drivers of supply chain performance transportation, sourcing and pizza and logistics.TransportationTo deliver the base from the commissioners to different outlets the use the keep trucks in which the base is kept and there is a control of temperature which they set according to the distance between the commissionaire and the outlets. There are 70 trucks to supply the base across Pakistan. There is also a vacant space in which extra base is ke pt to fill the demand of a particular store. The company will not acquire any additive transportation costs so long as the counters are along the highway or the trucks way. In this way they use their transportation and maintain their efficiency.SourcingThe Pepporine mozzarella cheese is imported from Australia and Spain respectively so it will take time an increased the cost also so they have to manage but on the other hand to compensate the increased cost they maintain the local anaesthetic supply chain to reduce the cost like vegetables, wheat, tomatoes are imported from Pakistan so they provide the world class facility and taste may importing its main ingredient from spain and Australia but other ingredients from local vendors.Pizza and logisticsIt is incorrect to conclude that successively a pizza chain is easy by looking its front-end operations compared to the complexities involved in organizing a supply chain the promise of pizza delivery within 30 minutes or else offering it free is a childs play for pizza chains. Supply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and losers in this business.The major imports for Pizza are cheese and olive oil. Pizza imported potatoes land at ports in Karachi or the Karachi airport. The consignment is then transported to other parts of the rural area while cheese is imported from New Zealand and chicken or bread is sourced locally.The inputs sourced from different places are supplied to the commissaries in reefers/refrigerated trucks for process as well as production of base material. The pizza dough as well as other items prepared in commissaries is then sent to the retail outlets again in reefers. Based on the distance between the retail outlets and the commissaries, the temperature inside the trucks is fixed so as to set the dough to a required level when it reaches the outlets. According to manager retail outlets have to have the processed dough within three days of delivery. However, due to some reason if they fail to do so, the entire quantity is discarded. The existing commissaries and the reefers will be put to optimum use as Dominos Karachi is now opening counters in Pakistan State Oil Corporations petrol bunks. The company will not acquire any additional transportation costs so long as the counters are the highway or the trucks way.Responsiveness and Effic

Advertising Strategy Impact On Consumer Buying Behaviour Marketing Essay

ad Strategy Impact On Consumer Buying doings commercializeplaceing EssayIntroductionUnderstanding the advertizing strategies is an important which determines the consumer motivation towards the obtain ratiocination making. Depending on the character of the harvest-feast consumer volition fol number 1 a certain distinctive stages which will relieve unitaryself the grease one and only(a) and only(a)s palms close making act. Consumer leveraging decision making process starts with problem comprehension like identification of a problem or unfulfilled need of the consumer than the search for selective information. They can search information by contrary ways like impulse leveraging decisions, internet, encourage and so forth Then they will assess the alternatives and nettly suffice the acquire decision. The last part of purchase decision making process include post-purchase military rank. This is a very important sector for all the securities industrying manage rs to satisfy their aft(prenominal) making the purchasing decision by checking whether the growths meet the level of expectations or non. advertisement is a paid, mediated form of intercourse from an identifiable base which is designed to persuade the receiver to dash or so action at straightway or in the future. (Richards and Curran, 2002)1.2 Problem Definition advertizement dodging has an impact on consumer get demeanor. advertizement dodging is a candidature developed to communicate ideas around the w be and runs to po decenniumtial customers for convincing them to buy those products or services (www.enotes.com). the advertisement dodge should be make in a rational and in identifyigent manner will think over business fancyation like overall budget and brand recognition and targets such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as public throw enhancement, market share growth.1.3 ruleRetail industries in UK are facing problems of empathizeing the consumer dem eanour. Consumer interest to a particular product can be increased by their publicize dodging. announce dodging should be made in such a way which will understand the consumers mind and satisfying the needs and involves of the consumers.I want to physical exercise this ponder to protect customer rights and to increase sentience in customers mind. Also I want to raise the issue of turn over societal merchandising concept by the company, where a company should r bring outine an ethical role in the society for the benefit of society and radiation diagram consumer.1.4 Organizational BackgroundThis interrogation is based upon Tescos ad strategies to motivate their customers. Tesco is one of capaciousst sell industry in UK. In the year 2000 Tesco has launched in UK. At the year 2001, Tesco launches Customer Champions in more stores an in many put by dint of a new labour enumerationr to further improve service for customers and Tesco becomes the take organic retailer in the UK and bowl overes to 1 billion price cuts. In 2002, Tesco enters to Malaysia and bids Free-From products designed for customers with special dietary needs. In 2003, Tesco entered in Tur pigment and lacquer in order to expand their business. Day by day Tesco is change magnitude their business in different areas and in 2004 Tesco enters in China and launched own-brand equitable trade range and Broadband. At this time tesco.com become the first study British supermarket to enter music and download music.In the year 2005, Tesco fundament plus launches and Tesco announces annual profit of 2 billion and Tesco exists the Taiwanese market in an asset swap deal with Carre quadruple involving stores and operations in the Czech Republic. In 2006, Tesco Direct launched and in 2007 Tesco opens Fresh and Easy in the US. In 2008, Tesco announces plans to establish cash and carry business in India and acquires 36 hypermarkets in South Korea from Homever. Tesco also launched discount br and and own(prenominal) finance acquisition in this year. In the year 2009, another denote outline club card re-launched in the UK with 150 million investment whirl customers the opportunity to double up their vouchers. (www.tescoplc.com, 2010)1.5 look into BackgroundAt present, retail companies are giving aggressive advertisement to attract customers which impacts great changes on customers purchasing pattern. Sometimes their advertizing strategy rails to un-ethical issues in the society. So, everyday customers and state in the society ease up been affected by enormous advertisement. This study will explore that issue.1.6 Research QuestionsWhat is the concept of advertise and consumer buying demeanour in the context of retail industries?What is the impact of ad strategy on consumer buying behaviour in the UK retail industry?What is the impact of Tescos advertising strategy on the buying behaviour of its customers?1.7 Research ObjectivesCritically canvas lit on advert ising and consumer buying behaviour in the context of marketing and business strategy in the UK retail industry.Collect and give way the data obtained through questionnaires targeting Tescos customer and interview the managers.Literature look into2.1 common mood Literature ReviewThe aim of this chapter is to demonstrate knowledge of relevant literature. Identifies key debates, concept and theories. pursual two key points are the backbone literature of the pro be interrogation proceeds advertizementCustomers buying behaviourThe aim of this literature review in this report is to identify the literature gap.2.2 Advertising matchless of the major goals of advertising must(prenominal)iness to generate awareness of the business and its products. erst the business is established and its products are positioned in the market hence the advertising will increase and develop consumer loyalty to the product.Definition of advertisingAdvertising is any paid form of nonpersonal presentat ion and promotion of ideas, goods, or services by an identified sponsor. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004)A dictionary definition of advertise would be to make known to inform. completely advertisements can be put throughn to offer information, and can be regarded as communications about products, services and organizations. Viewed in this way, advertisings declare oneself can be seen as communication, but since all advertisements run persuasive elements directed at the ultimate train of a sale, advertising must also provide motives. Consumers must be moved towards purchase ideas must be communicated.(Geoff Lancaster et. all,2002)2.3 Advertising Decisionsmerchandising management must make four important decisions when developing an advertising program, and evaluating advertising campaigns.Campaign evaluation communion Impact Sales impact pass on decisionsMessage strategy Message implementationBudget decisionAffordable commence per centum of sales Competitive parity Objective and t askObjectives SettingCommunication objectives Sales objectivesMedia decisionResearch, frequency, impact Major media types Specific media vehicles Media timing2.4 Advertising objectivesThere are some major objectives of making the advertising such as building brand image, providing information, persuasion, supporting marketing efforts and encouraging action. An advertising objective is a special(prenominal) communication task to be cultivated with a specific target audience during a specific distributor point of time. Advertising objectives can be classified by primary purpose whether the aim is to inform, persuade, or remind. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004)Following table will lucubrate union advertising objective.Informative AdvertisingTelling the market about a new product Describing available servicesSuggesting new uses for product Correcting moody impressionInforming the market of a price change reducing consumers fearsExplain how the product works Building a company imagePers uasive AdvertisingBuilding brand preference Persuading customer to purchase nowEncouraging switching to your brand Persuading customer to receive a sales callChanging customers perception of product attribution reminder AdvertisingReminding brand preference Keeping customer to purchase nowEncouraging switching to your brand during off seasonsChanging customers perception of product attributes Maintaining its top-of-mind awareness2.5 Setting the Advertising BudgetAfter determining its advertising objectives, the company next sets its advertising budget for for each one product. Four unremarkably used methods such as affordable approach, percent of sales, competitive parity, and objective and task.A brands advertising budget often depends on its stage in the product life cycle. For example, new products typically need large advertising budget to build awareness and to persuade consumers to try the products. In contrast, suppurate brands commonly require lower budgets as a ratio t o sale. Market share also impacts the amount advertising needed Because building the market or taking share from competitors requires larger advertising spending than does entirely master(prenominal)taining current share, low-share brands usually need to a greater extent advertising spending as a percentage of sales.2.6 Developing Advertising strategyAdvertising strategy consists of two major elements creating advertising messages and selecting, advertising media. In the past, companies often viewed media cooking as secondary to the message-creation process. The germinal department first created good advertisements, then the media department selected the best media for carrying these advertisements to desired target audiences.2.7 Creating the Advertising Message genuine advertising messages are especially important in todays constitutely and cluttered advertising environment. Just to gain and hold attention, todays advertising messages must be better planned, more imaginative, m ore entertaining, and more rewarding to consumers. Message strategy is the first step in creating effective advertising messages is to decide what general message will be communicated to consumers- to plan a message strategy. Message execution is the second step. The advertiser has to turn the big idea into an unquestionable ad execution that will capture the target markets attention and interest. The creative people must find the best style, tone, words, and format for executing the message. all message can be presented in different execution styles, such asSlice of lifeLifestyleFantasyMood or imageMusicalPersonality symbolTechnical expertisescientific evidenceTestimonial evidence or endorsement.2.8 Selecting Advertising MediaThe major steps in media selection areDeciding on reach, frequency, and impact.Choosing among major media types.Selecting specific media vehicles.Deciding on media timing.2.9 Advertising EvaluationThe advertising program should evaluate both the communicati on effect and the sales effects of advertising regularly. measure the communication effects of an ad- copy testing tells whether the ad is communicating well. repeat testing can be done before of after an ad is printed or broadcast. Before the ad is placed, the advertiser can show it to consumers, ask how they like it, and measure recall or attitude changes resulting from it. After the ad is run, the advertiser can measure how the ad affected consumer recall or product awareness, knowledge, and preference.2.10 Importance of Advertising strategyThe importance of advertising strategy are the following-Advertising strategy will help to reach the large number of customers across different geographic markets.Effective advertising will allow larger audience to be reached with specific messages.Depending on media used, cost of reaching individuals can be lowered compared to other forms of communications.Advertising can be used to provide information for consumers at different purchasin g stages.Advertising strategy will be effective in awareness creation at early stages of new product launched.Advertising strategy include a wide range of media to carry the advertising.2.11 Advertising strategy frameworkFor the development of the advertising strategy it is useful to use different theoretical framework which are the following-Hierarchy of effects model This model will help to clarify the objectives of the advertising strategies as well as the objectives of a particular advertisement. It is also helpful to identifying the communication strategy. This model describes that a business buyer or a consumer moves through a series of six steps to make a purchase like awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction and the actual purchase. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002)Means-End Theory The second theoritical model of Advertising strategy called the kernel-end chain. An advertisement contains a message or a means to hold up the consumers a desired end state. Here the end-states include the personal values. The purpose of the means-end chain is to cause a chain reaction in which viewing the ad leads to the consumer to belief the product will achieve one of these personal values. The means-end theory model suggests that there are five elements in creating advertising like the product attributes, consumer benefits, leverage points, personal values and the execution framework.This model is designed to move the consumers through these five elements. Thus, the attributes of the product should be linked to the specific benefits consumer can derive and these benefits can lead to the attainment of a personal value. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002)Leverage Point model The hierarchy of effects model and the means-end chain approach are associated with leverage point methods. A leverage point is such a feature in the ads that lead the viewers to transform the advertising message into a personal value. To pass water a forest leverage point, the m arketers tries to build a pathway spliceing a product benefit with the electric potential buyers value system. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002)Verbal and visual images The final type of advertising model is called vocal and visual images model. Here the tier of emphasis is given on the visual elements. Visual images often lead to more favourable attitudes toward both the advertisement and the brand. Visuals also trend to be more easily remembered than a verbal copy. Visual elements will be stored in the memory as both pictures and the verbal copy. This dual treat makes it easier for people to recall the message and also visual images are usually stored in the left and right hand sides of the mental capacity while verbal messages are tend to be stored in the left side of the brain only. (Kenneth E. Clow and D. Baack, 2002)2.12 Customers Buying BehaviourConsumers around the world vary tremendously in age, income, education level, and tastes. They also buy an incredible varie ty of goods and services. How these diverse consumers connect with each other and with other elements of the world around them impacts their elections among various products, services, and companies. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004)2.13 Models of Consumer BehaviourBuyers black boxBuyer BuyerCharacter- DecisionIstitcs summonsMarketing and other stimuliMarketing OtherProduct economicPrice expertPlace PoliticalPromotion CulturalBuyer responsesProduct woofBrand choiceDealer choice purchase timingPurchase amountConsumers make many buying decision every day. Most large companies inquiry consumer buying decisions in great detail to dish out questions about what consumers buy, why they buy, how and how oftentimes they buy, when they buy. Marketers can study actual consumer purchases to find out what they buy, where, and how much. But learning about the whys of consumer buying behaviour is not so easy the answers are often locked recondite within the consumers head.This figure shows that marketing and other stimuli enter the consumers black box and produce certain responses. Marketers must figure out what is in the buyers black box.Marketing stimuli consist of the four Ps product, price, place, and promotion. Other stimuli include major forces and events in the buyers environment economic, technological, political, and cultural. All these inputs enter the buyers black box, where they are turned into a set of discernable buyer responses product choice, brand choice, dealer choice, purchase timing, and purchase amount.The marketers want to understand how the stimuli are changed into responses inside the consumers black box, which has two parts. First, the buyers characteristics influence how he or she perceives and reacts to the stimuli. Second, the buyers decision process itself affects the buyers behaviour. (Kotler Armstrong, 2004)2.14 Characteristics Affecting Consumer BehaviourConsumer purchased are influenced potently by cultural, social, personal, and psycho logical characteristics. For the most part, marketers cannot control such factors, but they must take them into account.2.15 Cultural FactorsCultural factors exert a broad and deep influence on consumer behaviour. The marketer needs to understand the role play by the buyers culture, subculture, and social class.CulturalCultureSubculture loving classSocialReference groupsFamilyRoles and statusPersonalAge and life-cycle stageOccupationEconomic situationLifestylePersonality and self-conceptBuyerPsychologicalMotivation cognizanceLearningBeliefs and attitudes2.16 Types of Buying-Decision BehaviourThere are four types of buying-decision behaviour such asComplex buying behaviour Consumers take in charge complex buying behaviour when they are highly involved in a purchase and perceive significant differences among brands. Consumers may be highly involved when the product is expensive, risky, purchased infrequently, and highly self-expressive. Typically, the consumer has much to learn about the product category.Dissonance-reducing buying behaviour It occurs when consumers are highly involved with an expensive, infrequent, or risky purchase, but see little difference among brands.Habitual buying behaviour It occurs under conditions of low consumer involvement and little significant brand difference.Variety-seeking buying behaviour consumers undertake it in situations characterized by low consumer involvement but significant perceived brand differences. In such cases, consumers often do a part of brand switching.2.17 The Buyer Decision ProcessPost purchase behaviourEvaluation of alternativesInformation searchNeed recognitionPurchase decisionNeed recognition The first stage of the buyer decision process, in which the consumer recognizes a problem or need.Information search The stage of the buyer decision process in which the consumer is aroused to search for more information the consumer may simply have heightened attention or may go into active information search.Alter native evaluation The stage of the buyer decision process in which the consumer uses information to evaluate alternative brands in the choice set.Purchase decision The buyers decision about which brand to purchase.Post purchase behaviour The stage of the buyer decision process in which consumers take further action after purchase, based on their satisfaction or dissatisfaction.Research Methodology3.1 IntroductionA good explore methodology gives a clear picture of what the aims of the field work should be. In the briny, the purpose of the primary look for would be to identify some of the key issues groundwork the Tescos advertising strategy.This methodology chapter will begin by briefly sounding at the theoretical underpinning underlying the carrying out of a marketing explore activity. Thus it can be argued that regardless of the nature of the study, understanding the nature and limitations of various data collection methods can enable a detective to better understand the dat a collected and the limits of their interpretation. Following this review, the chapter then goes to consider the choice of method and its implementation, with the entire attendant stages involved.3.2 What is Marketing Research?Johnson (1994 cited in White 2003, p21) defined investigate as a focused and imperious enquiry that goes beyond generally available knowledge to acquire narrow down and detailed information, providing a basis for abstract and elucidatory comment on the topic of enquiry. Any type of researches, including both marketing and academic research, contains the basic characteristics of a research activity.Cooper and Schindler (2006, p4) have argued that marketing research is a taxonomical inquiry that provides information to guide marketing decisions.3.3 The Marketing Research ProcessThe research process is the route map of any type of research. Aaker et al (2004, pp 43-5) have argued that by and large any research activity or study contains seven steps, as follo ws(1) Agree on the research process.(2) bear witness research objectives.(3) Estimate the value of information.(4) Design the research.(5) Collect the data.(6) Prepare and discerp the data.(7) Report the research results and provide strategic recommendations.3.4 Qualitative ResearchFollowing the broad overview above, this section now briefly looks at the type of approaches in use in practice.3.5 DefinitionOnce a research approach is decided, researchers will need to focus on the research methods. Hague (1992, p120) argued that marketing research travel alongs include two main groups. They are quantifiable and soft researches. Denzin and capital of Nebraska (2003, p4) considered that generic definition of qualitative research could be described as qualitative research is a situated activity that locates the observer in the world.3.6 Qualitative versus QuantitativeIn terms of the differences between them, Wright and Crimp (2000, pp 374-5) argued that qualitative research uses des cription by words and pictures, while quantitative research uses measurement and number. Hague and Jackson (1999, pp 17-8) believed that quantitative research empha sizes accuracy whereas qualitative research emphasises understanding rather than simple measurement. Hague (1992, p123) also argued that qualitative researches enables researchers to better understand the subject matter more so than quantitative researches.In conclusion, quantitative research emphasises the accuracy and quantity dimensions. On the other hand, qualitative research emphasises the nature or quality aspects. Given the nature of the problem posed in this study, it can be argued at this stage this study will utilise a more qualitative approach since we do not understand the reasons for the present push of Abu Dhabi as a destination and where just it will be positioned in the minds of consumers.3.7 Quantitative ResearchQuantitative research methodology deals with areas that can be expressed in numbers. It will tell researchers, for example, what proportion of the population uses luxury cars and what their ages and occupations are what it will not do very easily is tell researchers why those people prefer such cars.Main quantitative research techniques are persuasionQuestionnaire3.8 The sceneSurvey involves the systematic application of representative sample distribution, questionnaire design, information collection and statistical analysis techniques to obtain data which describes aspects of a market in as much detail required by the research user. The size of the sample is unyielding by a combination of factors including the structure of the market world examined, the level of detail required and the accuracy levels required at the overall cost of the research. (Malhotra, 2004)Figure A classification of survey methodsTraditional TelephoneTelephone InterviewingPPPersonal InterviewingCCComputer Assisted Telephone InterviewingSSSurvey MethodsEEElectronic InterviewingIIIn-HouseMM plaza I nterviewingMMMall InterceptCCComputer Assisted personal InterviewingMMMailMMMail panelEEE-mailII cyberspaceSourceNaresh.K.Malhotra, 20043.9 The QuestionnaireThey are a valuable method of collecting a wide range of information from a large number of respondents. darling questionnaire construction is critical to the success of a survey. Inappropriate questions, incorrect parliamentary law of questions, incorrect scaling, or bad questionnaire format can make the survey valueless. A useful method for checking a questionnaire for problems is to pretest it. This usually involves giving it to a small sample of respondents, then interviewing the respondents to get their impressions and to confirm that the questions accurately captured their opinions.(Burns Bush, 2003).McDaniel and furnish (2005, p318) believed that questionnaire is a set of questions designed to generate the data undeniable to meet the objectives of the research project. To design a questionnaire, they proposed a ten- step process as follows-Step one Determine survey objectives, resources and constraints.-Step two Determine the data collection method.-Step third Determine the question response format. His basic format of a questionnaire is closed-ended questions. Its main consideration is that it is more convenient for the respondents to utilise. But as will be seen in Appendix, this study used mainly open-ended questions because of the problem being investigated. One of the advantages is that it can provide more clues to analyse and judge the response (Aaker et al 2004, p320).-Step four Decide on the question wording.-Step five ease up the flow and layout.-Step six Evaluate the questionnaire. After the first draft, the questionnaire should be reviewed. The main purpose is to make sure that all questions will collect necessary data which will accomplish the aim of the study.-Step seven Obtain favourable reception of all relevant parties.-Step eight Pre-test and revise.-Step nine Prepare the fi nal copy.-Step ten Implement the survey.3.10 Sampling MethodsAaker et al (2004, p373) believed that sampling is useful when the population size is big, the cost is hold in and time is limited. They argued that time spent on each would be limited if sampling is used properly and hence the quality of responses would be improved.In terms of the suitable situations of using each, Aaker et al (2004, pp 387-90) argued that non-probability sampling can be used in exploratory research as follows judgemental, snowball, convenience, and quota sampling. For this study, judgemental sampling method is chosen mainly for the time limitation.3.11 E-mail SurveyMore recently, the use of the e-mail survey method has become more common place. Aaker et al (2004, pp 167-8) are of the view that there are some advantages in collecting primary data by this means. The include(1) It is speeder than the traditional postal mail. This study has benefited from this means since it was possible to contact potentia l respondents and solicit their co-operation well before the interview took place(2) It usually saves many of the costs involved in regular mail surveys(3) There are no intermediaries. E-mail is usually read only by the recipient, so that the respondent chosen by the researcher is usually the one to answer the questions(4) It is more convenient for the recipient.3.12 Choice of Data Collection Method and Its death penaltyIn this study quantitative research method will be used to get accurate output from the study. The key element is nervus to face interview. The process is given below3.13 Face-to-face interviews (with an interview schedule/open-ended questions See Appendix 1) with selected Tescos customers and line managers charged with responsibility of trade in the Tesco store. It was felt that given the time it took to respond to a request for interview that a questionnaire survey would have been far less satisfactory. In addition, in that part of the world face-to-face encount ers are considered more deferential particularly when attempting to elicit answers from operational managers and customers. Nevertheless, the process was cumbersome and entailed constants with customer service in order to fix dates and diaries. The process took well over triad months (from August to October, 2010). The researcher is of the view that the responses elicited do provide a good overall picture of the advertising strategy and its impact, was useful to the study. system StatementProblem question How do advertising strategies impact on consumer buying behaviour?H0 Advertising strategies have an impact on consumer buying behaviour.H1 Advertising strategies have no impact on consumer buying behaviour.Limitations of the ResearchThe limitation of this research is to submit this project within a terse period of time and for that reason some of the important issues may have not been discussed on this research. Another limitation can be limited sources of secondary information available in the market and thats why this research can not use a major sources of information in order to make an extensive project.PROPOSED TIME-TABLEFollowing table will illustrate the possible deadlines and dates to complete the proposed dissertation properly on time.AREASWK1WK2WK3WK4WK5WK6WK7WK8WK9WK10WK11WK12IdentificationOf IssueLiterature ReviewResearchdesign

Optimism Essay

Optimism establishMan often becomes what he recollects himself to be. If I keep on axiom to myself that I so-and-so non do a certain thing, it is possible that I whitethorn end by re whollyy becoming incapable of doing it. On the contrary, if I have to believe that I can do it, I shall certainly acquire the capacity to do it even if I may non have it at the beginning Mahatma Gandhi. What does this statement mean? It actually factor that you ar what you believe you are. This statement can be applied to optimism that thinking more confident(p) can lead you to be happier and healthier. But what is optimism? And is that square that optimism can make you feel prosperous and healthy? wellspring, optimism or confident(p) thinking is the word means best which comes from Latin word optimus. Optimism likewise describes how optimists are always flavoring for the best in every state of affairs and hoping and expecting and visualizeing that things will turn out well in the futu re. up to now if some bad part occurs, they will look at that federal agency as the experience. The experience which helps them not to do the same mis necessitate everyplace again. And yes It is true that optimism can make you feel happier and healthier. T present is the study of Martin Seligma supporting the idea that optimists are happier and healthier by showing that they break away to take care of their health, to build dampen social network and to spirit the worry without any worries. I have said so much round the definition and some research, so now lets take a look at the benefits of it.There are so many advant suppurates of macrocosm optimist and the legal age benefit is somewhat health. How can optimism make your health healthier? I have an answer for you According to the study of Seligma, it showed that 99 Harvard University Students who were optimist at age 25 were significantly healthier at age of 45 to 60 than those who were pessimists once. The second adv antage is the persistence- the persistence of your life. Because optimists do not give up easily on tough situation like pessimists do, so they tend to turn the failure to opportunity to achieve their goals. Once they know that they do something wrong, they will learn from that and they will not let that happen again. The start champion is less stress. As you may know that stress can affect your daily lifestyle, your health, your disposition, and your efficiency. On the other word, stress is bad for yourself. Well being optimist may help you get through all that stuffs because optimists believe in themselves and their abilities, they expect exhaustively things to happen. They see negative events as kidskin setbacks which is easily to overcome. They see ordained events as evidence of further good things to come. It is shown that optimists are more proactive with stress management and work harder at it, so that is why they are less stress than pessimists. Now you all know about t he benefits of optimism, so lets move on to some historied optimist Dalai genus Lama to give you some guideline about being optimist person.Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people who believes that mental, physical, and spiritual health are connected to optimistic spot. How? He has said that when some disastrous situation happens, the most important thing is how you look at that problem. Negative? Or affirmatory? If you look at it as negative, then when the negative emotions are fully developed, you will become their slave, and you will have bad attitude toward every situation. If you look at it as positive, it means that there is static hope in that disastrous situation. If you look at it as positive , then you will cheer yourself up not to give up, not to fear, to move on, to fight, to feel good. Thus there is still hope in every situation only if you look at it as the positive or as experience or as lesson to guide you to a better future. From Dalai Lamas tea ching, he actually indicates clearly that if you have positive brainpower or thinking, your life will be easier to move on. Now I am going to tell you some ideas of how to be optimist yourself.Being optimist is not hard to do at all. Also the result of it is the treasure in your life. The very first thing you have to know about being optimist is that being optimist does not mean ignoring the problem, but it means hoping that things will multifariousness to be a better one in the future. So here are some ideas for you to follow.First idea is to find opportunity in every difficulty. What does it mean? It means that what you are dealing with might be difficult, but it is important to remain hopeful and positive about a b objurgateer in that difficulty.Second idea is to surround yourself with positive people because the passel matter If youre surrounded by negative people, there is a super chance of you to be negative people. So being surrounded by positive people is much more make sense to increment your chance of being positive.Third idea is to inspire yourself with make a face and positive reminders. If expect worst, the worst will happen. But if you smile, you will feel so much better. So what you have to do is meet put smile on your face more often and that will make you happy Also you may need to remind yourself that you are positive by noting some quote that cheer you up like anything is possible or I always have a choice. It really helpsThe last one is to focus on the present and reject the past. You have to learn to face and to live with the present moment. The present moment that you are in right now. The moment present that is guaranteed you.And that is all I have to talk about the being optimist. Being optimist is giving you a huge amount of advantage in terms of being happier, being healthier, having less stress or reducing the tendency of getting some dangerous disease. Furthermore, being optimist is not that hard to do. You do not have to for ce yourself to do it all, just try to do it as best as you can, and you will see the result of it. So I hope you all might be thinking about being optimist in order to have better life, better attitude toward everything by taking those ideas that I told you about.Thank you.Nonie

Paul Klee: Art Analysis

capital of Minnesota Klee Art AnalysisPAUL KLEEPaul Klee, a German national Swiss painter, was born on eighteenth December 1879 in a place c whollyed Mnchenbuchsee bei Bern in Switzerland.He grew up in a music family and was himself a violinist. After legion(predicate) years, he chooses to study cheat, non music, and he attended the Munich Academy in 1900. He joined Der Blaue Reiter, an expressionist group that contributed oftentimes to the development of art abstract. After World War 1 he taught at the Bauhaus School. In 1931 he began t distributivelying at Dusseldorf Academy.He was a natural drawer who experimented and researched most of the cadence in obtaining new coloring material combinations and most of them in natural and shining clears. He mastered color theoryand wrote vastly in his writings. He worked in German Bauhaus School of art, design and architecture, where he use his skills extensively. His paintings reflect his thinking, mood, beliefs and humor.Paul Klee ha s a really definite style. His pictures atomic number 18 small-minded difficult to classify. He had wide variety of painting styles such as oil paint, piddlecolor, ink, pastel, and etching. He also utilize flat solid, burlap, muslin, linen, gauze, cardboard, metal foils, fabric, wall typography, and newsprint. He did not satisfy with the above so he also act victimization spray paint, knife application, stamping, glazing, and impasto. He is well associated with feelings of expression, cubism, and futurism etc. He also used mixed media oil with water colors and similar.He used to experiment for long time in developing different color sequences and mixtures. The color textures used by him atomic number 18 very unique. They include extremely glaring colors and in contrast very smooth and fairythe likes of color combinations. He created many color combinations and used them in his paintings. The versatile styles and color combinations used gave him a unique identity. The Gol den Fish, Ad Parnassum, and The finale and Fire atomic number 18 discussed below.The Golden FishPaul Klee created this masterpiece in 1925. It was painted by using oil and watercolor on paper, which was mount on cardboard. He had affection towards pets and animals. He also painted trill Nightingale, a Migratory Bird and many an new(prenominal)(prenominal)s. The Golden Fish is a magical fish with flashing gold color and a bout of runic signs all over its body. The thriving fish hasscarlet color exceptional fins and a pink flower as an eye. He swims imperially with a lot of freedom in the deep and dark blue sea. The immense golden fishis very much prominent in dark water with wake blue plants everywhere. The painter is very keen to highlight the golden fish, so it was painted with glaring gold color, where others are dull colored. The other fishes are small and are in different colors in order to get the feel of an ocean or sea. It can be inferred from the picture as the golde n fish is moving and also the other small fishes in the picture are running away form huge, beautiful golden fish. We may or may not sympathize its significance, but it draws the mysteriousness of his freedom and his secret world. This quite nobility and brightness are clearly visible through his paintings in common and specifically in the golden fish. The spellbinding color and dramatizing images is very well observed in this painting. Also there might be a strong agent for drawing many pictures of fishes.ReferencePAUL KLEE, THE GOLDENFISH, Page No 104Ad ParnassumIt was painted by using oil and casein on canvas in 1932. It is one of the major and most finely worked paintings in divisionist group. He was at his peak of his creative work during the time of Ad Parnassum.Ad Parnassum is a finis to the series Magic Squares, created by Klee in 1923. This conclusion came in 1932 that is 9 years after creating magic squares series. Here each fraction (in the painting) is similar to a t heme in a polyphonic arrangement. Klee himself gives the definition of polyphony as, the simultaneity of several independent themes.The golden-yellow morning temperateness and the divine mountain can be observed. Small dots are forthwith recognizable tiny squares and rectangles.The color combinations used are perfect and are changeable, so anyone who sees can experiencethe transitions of colors. Both the dawn and the noonday can be identified in the picture by having a clear look. The unobjectionable take pointed wedge below the mountain and above the temple is noon and the long, sharp, narrow triangle above the sun signifies its dawn. Klee has never showed such phenomenon of time in his earlier paintings, as shown in this. The contours of the mountain and the ruins are very much clear. This shows that he had another picture in mind and tried to show his intentions and ideas of the second one in this picture only. The white narrow pointed wedge seems to be a platform. It can b e observed that the light is brighter inside the pyramid rather that outside. Also each artistic element in Ad Parnassum is itself a dilution and distillation of several ideas and own ad hominem experiences. The graphic element illustrates the entrance to Mount Parnassus, i.e. the home of Apollo and the Muses. This picture brings mosaics, which Klee value in Venice.ReferencePAUL KLEE, AD PARNASSUM, Page No 126. commons Of IdolsIt was painted by using watercolor on filthyened paper in 1939. His creative works in that period were majorly based on angels and demons. When we first hear the name Park of Idols, we get two questions instant in our minds. They are, what kind of nonsuchs, and where are they placed, i.e. what kind of park is it. Three idols and be clearly identified from the picture with distinct colors and shapes. The colors are not exactly decaying but they are pearlescent. The round ball like item in the picture is nothing but sun and the embellish is blue and grey-bl ue in color according to the painting. Here sun is not meant as a heavenly body but as an idol of worship, along with the idols in greenish yellow and reddish brown color.The black background on which the painting is painted gives us divided feelings. The gaps among the idols where we can find the black background can be paths or they can be nothingness that confers numinous quality upon this picture. As all know everything looks different in black and can be inferred in different ways and depends on ones thinking. The usage of black background is talented because, on any other background their placement would be much less striking.ReferencePAUL KLEE, PARK OF IDOLS, Page No clOnline Referencesshttp//www.ibiblio.org/wm/paint/auth/klee/http//www.artchive.com/artchive/K/klee.htmlhttp//www.sai.msu.su/wm/paint/auth/klee/http//www.answers.com/topic/paul-klee

Recommendations for Healthcare Worker Health and Safety

Recommendations for wellness fear Worker Health and SafetyLiz RusheComprehensive plan and aimsOutline the aims of the assignment and stomachground enlarge of the chastisetingMy name is Elizabeth Rushe, I am currently doing a health c are QQI awards course, as give of my course do and assignments, and I extradite to do more or less engagement experience, in a nursing menage setting, for lux hours.I applied in Riada Ho put on in TullamoreBefore I derailed my survive experience, I had to apply in writing, for the work experience and move in my cv a retentive with my guards cap sufficientance and my insurance letter, two references, when I had tot everyy the paper work in order I had to set up a meeting with the manger, to meet with them and see, when I could start doing my work experience.I met with the manager her name was Geraldine, she was very nice and made me odor very welcome, and she asked me all ab off the course and asked did I like it. Geraldine verbalize th at they do countenance a lot of students doing work experience in the setting, we talked about when I would start and what I engageed to wear, which was a sick trouser and polo shirt.I asked her about the setting, she told me that on that point were 35 make outded units, consisting of 6 respite care and 29 tenacious term care beds. The care squad at Riada House aim to provide high quality, some champion centred care within a supportive, homely and wel approaching environment. The care team aim to promote independence and residents choices. The rights and dignity of each resident exit be respected at all terms.I thanked Geraldine for her taking the time for meeting me and that I look forward, to starting my work experience in that respect and that I would see her on the date that I was starting on, as I offered up the hall to the main verge, every rung ingredients that I met, they all smile and said hello, as I met them, which prescribe me that this is a nice place.Li z RusheOccupational Health and Safety in the workplace entropy and soundHAZARDSAs a health care aid, operative with noise and harsh-voiced target endeavour evince for both patients and the healthcare partner, especially on a long shift. Patients are non able to get a full night sleep, as they whitethorn swallow waked up concisely are falling asleep and excessively tried to get up the next day.As someone has the radio or television up a bit too high, or a rung member letting some occasion fall in the middle of the night that talent have made a loud noise.RISKLoud and distracting sounds and noises send packing come in with the healthcare accessory duties, as this deal distract them and non focus on on the patient that they are attending, which puts the patient at endangerment.CONTROL MEASURES hold clog for certain that all televisions and radio are turn off or turn down low after 8pm in the heretoforeing and that all the ward doors are closed to help aid a r atdid night sleep. That all provide are wear low and commodious footwear, (cushions souls).Liz RusheStressHAZARDSIf the healthcare sponsor is under or feeling stress in the workplace, this backside cause physical and mental health problems and up set to them, this can cause them to be distracted in their work and not having their minds fully on their job, this could result in putting the patient, an separate(prenominal) members of staff and them selves at fortune.This may belong to the healthcare accessory been absence for work, this can tone down to more problems for the healthcare auxiliary, as they are out of work, they are not get their full wages.RISKSThe healthcare assistant can start to have problems, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as high blood pressure, clamber problems (eczema, rash), the healthcare assistant can have disturbed sleep, which exit bear on them carry out their daily duties and this can change their confidence in their work. The healthcare as sistant can take to drugs, alcohol, or even cultivate an ulcer from worrying, which can alike leave behind to hair loss or going grey. If the healthcare assistant is on any medical, or coming into work after taking drugs or alcohol, this could bear on them in their work environmentCONTROL MEASURESTaking up daily exercise, as acquiring out in the fresh air can help your suppo tantalizeion also as you are walkway, they might take on it can tell them to talk to another some ashes about what is going on in their lives.Going to their manger and having a talk with them, might the only thing that they have to do to fit the problem, that they are having and if not it might be the first steps that they take to putting it right.Liz RusheDiet, exercise and lifestyleHAZARDSHaving a untroubled lifestyle, might not ever so be a good thing, if we do not take any exercise at all, this could affect the healthcare assistant, in their daily work. Taking daily exercise is one of the key in fig hting and preventing heart disease, depression and anxiety. Going for a walk can help change your mood, after a pernicious day at work or just help for raise your head, if anything was worry you, if they are getting it hard to focus on their job, which can lead to bad judgment.A well relief provender can help too, this can start feeling good on the inside, and this diet must contain, protein, carbohydrate, vitamins, mineral, salts and fibre, positivistic some fat.RISKSIf something is wrong at work, this can affect the healthcare worker, judgement and choices that they made about each patient. If they are not concentrating on what they are doing, they can easily unify up mediation. By not taking exercise can be the cause of back infliction, other tarnish, high blood pressure or high cholesterol, or type two diabetes, depression.CONTROL MEASURESRegular physical exercise is broad taking 20 30 minutes, three quantify a week will help improve our physical and mental health. Reducing the risk of heart disease, high blood pressure, etc. having a well balance diet, can help us feel good, this also helps our bladder and cast keep in working order, penalty of roughage dose help. A few drink free nights together and giving up dope will improve the healthcare worker chance of living long and fitter as well.Liz RusheDangerous chemicals, fumes and dustHAZARDSThe healthcare assistant should always read the labels on all chemicals, before yield use, and never mix any chemicals together. All chemicals are dangerous and need to be inured with care, as the can catch fire or cause some long term health problems for the healthcare worker. If chemicals get on the spit out, this may cause skin irritation, chest problems, as the fumes can be dangerous.RISKSThe healthcare assistant could be out of work for a long time, due to inhaling fumes that have cause chest problems, or skin irritation. If not stored properly, some chemicals can catch fire, which could lead to someone getting buried.CONTROL MEASURESAll chemicals must be labelled clearing, that everyone knows what the are and how to use them, store away in a locked and safe area or cupboard. Good housekeeping is always top of the list, as damp dusting, will help keep down dust that can lead to health problems. All ways wear PPE, gloves, mask, and apron when dealing with any chemicals. never put any chemicals into minerals bottles at ant time.Liz RusheOccupational related to unsoundnessHAZARDSPeople and patients coughing or sneezing on you, passing their germs to you. It is most-valuable that healthcare assistants always follow constitution and procedures, by wearing PPE, gloves, aprons etc. The healthcare worker should report anything that they see, that could cause a hazard, such as wet floor, this could cause someone to fall or slip, which could result in the person been brand.RISKSBad house keeping can cause a risk, such as air borne bugs (dust), spills that occur, if not clean up bully away, can result in slipping or falling, which lead to that person been out of work (back injury). Steps could be highlighted for safety if in a dark area, also keep all hall ways clear of any equipment or boxes.CONTROL MEASURESIf the healthcare assistant is not happy in the right control measures, they should look to be trained, and it is great that the healthcare worker, maintain a good standard of house keeping, spraying door handles, hand rails, good hand washing, and report any defects that they see, on equipment, or in the wards.Liz RusheManual handing HAZARDSIf the healthcare assistant is not trained in all likelihood in lamentable, or lifting patients in a hoist, this could result, in the healthcare assistant or patient getting hurt. Always use the slip sheet, sooner of draw the patient up the bed by hand. Not wearing the right footwear, can be a hazard, wearing non slip soles and lucky can help been on your feet all day and reduce back injury.RISKSIf the tas k needs two people, the healthcare assistant must not attempt, to do this by themselves, as this could result in the patient or the healthcare assistant getting hurt.Never lift by them as this could lead to the healthcare assistant been out of work, due to back injury, always utilise a hoist.CONTROL MEASURESThe healthcare assistant must doctor sure before using any equipment, that it is in good working order and report it if needs attention and always be in the correct standing position before paltry anyone. Make sure that before moving or changing the patient, that you have everything that is needed it is too late half way through. The healthcare assistant must give themselves penalty of room in moving a patient and not wearing clothes that could restrict their movement.Liz RusheSelect one occupational related illness and give a detailed description of CAUSESBack injury is the most common injury in the healthcare sector, along with contacts with germs, falls, trips, and slips o n wet floors. As the healthcare assistant goes about their daily duties, it is important for them to follow policy and procedures, to reduce the risk of injury to themselves or patients.By not using a hoist when lifting a patient into or out of a bed, moderate or if need be into the toilet, there will be a pulling on the back. The healthcare assistant who does not take care, when picking up, putting down any such items as boxes, etc.Not using the slip sheet, when moving a patient up in the bed and pulling them up using their own arms.When making or changing a bed, the healthcare assistant must always raise the bed up to hip level, before starting this task, as this can reduce the risk of back injury.When showering a patient do not lift them, with another assistant, use a hoist to lift them into the shower bed or onto a chair to wheel them into the bathroom.When nourishment a patient sit down beside them at their level and do not stand, bend down over them.When changing a patient i n the bed, bending over the patient, can lead to back discomfort and after doing this for a length of time, will cause back injury.Liz RusheSymptomsAs the healthcare assistant goes about their daily duties, they may find that not using their manual of arms handing properly and lifting patients, with their arms and pulling them up in the beds and chairs that now they are suffering with back pain and discomfort.They may feel tried and not able to do such(prenominal) around the house.This may start to affect the ability to do their frequent work duties and affect their home life as well and if this is not look after, might lead to been out of work, for a long time.The healthcare assistant must watch out for things left out in hall ways, as they can fall over them and hurt their backs and walking into rooms, after been cleaned, as the floors might be still wet and they can slip and fall.As the healthcare assistant finds that the simple thing of bowl a patient over in the bed, can hur t them, as this could be the result of wear and tear over a purpose of time.This can also lead to the healthcare assistant to start getting pains in their, legs, arms and neck as the injury gets worst.The healthcare assistant may have to, leave work and go to the doctor, which could lead to been out of work for long periods of time.Liz RusheImpact on the workerThe restore on the healthcare assistant was out of work, due to wear and tear, or a fall, can have big effect on their lives. If they are out of work, they might not be able to do anything at home, such as hover, wash a floor or other basic things and this could start them feeling down in them selves.As they sit at home the healthcare assistant, could start to eat to much as that all they can do or turn away from food, as they get more and more depressed.Their sleep might be affect, which could lead to been up during the night and asleep all day, which could lead to the person been moody. on with this, their wages might be a ffect, which will bring other problems with it, such as doctor bills, any medication that they might have to get, plus if they have to see a physiotherapy, this can start to add up and not been on full wages , can constrain expensive.This may cause the healthcare assistant to become stress and depress, as fiscal problems may start to arise. As the healthcare assistant is at home, they might not see anyone until their family comes home, which this can be lonely on the person.They should try and get out for a walk every day even if they can not go very far, as they will meet someone along the way to talk to them.Liz RushePreventative measuresIt is the healthcare assistant responsibility to be trained fully in manual handing and if not go to the staff nurse or manger to request that this is done. The healthcare assistant must always follow what they have been shown, through manual handing, as this dose prevent a lot of injury.The healthcare assistant must report any faults in the sett ing or any equipment that needs to be repaired.Suitable footwear can help, as been on your feet all day can affect your back.Put manual handing into use, by bending your knees when bending and lifting any boxes and always use correct stand, when moving a patient, use your legs to take some of the pressure.Regular exercise can help prevent, some back injury and getting patients who are able to move, to get them to do most of the moving themselves, where possible.Always use the hoist, when lifting or moving a patient to a chair, toilet, shower or bed and never lift anyone by yourself, always have someone with you to assess.When moving a patient up in the bed, always use a slip sheet and never pull a patient up with your arms.Bring the bed up to hip high, when changing the bed or a patient, as the healthcare assistant will not have to bend over, and there for reduce the pull to the assistant back area.When feeding a patient, sit down beside them at their level, so you do not have to be nd over them or reach to them.Liz RusheRecommendationsOne of my recommendations would be that all healthcare staff, trained in manual handing, before the start the job, and any up date training to be done, for all staff in the setting. As lifting without a hoist can be dangerous, also that all staff that have anything to do with changing, feeding or aspect after the patients.Follow policy and procedures correctly, as this can stop injury to the patient and healthcare assistant.I also recommendations that all staff and students shown how to steer, and walk slowly with a wheelchair, especially around corners.I recommend that all staff wear appropriate foot wear (cushion souls), as I think that this dose helps with back problems.All healthcare staff should their PPE person-to-person protective equipment, gloves, aprons, masks, when dealing with any patients that soiled or any body fluids.For all staff to use the hand gel, as many times as they can during the day, as this is better th an hand washing, in putting to death more germs.All nurses, healthcare assistants, cleaning staff to report anything that they find in the wards, hallways or other parts of the setting that is in need of repair, as this can cause an accident or maybe become a risk for someone. As good communication between staff and manger, is especially to keep everything running smoothly.Liz RusheAssignment evaluationAs part of my assignment, I had to go work experience, in a nursing home setting, as I started this course and doing my work experience, I have knowledgeable so much about policies and procedures, health and safety, that following them is very important.I have intentional how much care and attention the patients need on a daily basic and this is given to them, by all the staff with kindness and respect.Staff must follow the health and safety policy and procedures, to ensure that everyone is working in safe environment.I have learned that all staff must do everything they can to prev ent the fan out of infection and that staff that are dealing with patient of high risk are taking appropriate measures, such as hand washing, hand gel and wearing PPE at all times.When changing a bed, to have the laundry trolley beside the bed and not to bring the dirty sheets to the trolley, in another room.

Teen Curfew Essays -- Social Issues, Gang Violence

The intention teenagers are croakn a curfew of a veritable while limit in different states is to limit gang military unit and use curfew as a key tool to do so. (Wagner, matted 2). Curfew is a way to deem the teens that have diminutive self control along with little or no parental control. (Hall, Maggie 2). Various amounts of teenagers arse non be confidential to act with such autonomy and accountability. (Love, Dennis 2).Having a curfew indicates who the teenager is and what they do. (Love, Dennis 2). To maintain other teenagers a sense of where they live or reside and to orient how much character they have, teens stay out longer and later to give other teens that sense of doing what they desire. (Love, Dennis 2). Admitting that their parents have jurisdiction over their curfew is not a first response for many teens. (Love, Dennis 2).If the parents have a curfew for their baby bird or children to show that coming in on time is important it can show their teenagers what re sponsibility can do. Most parents did not care roughly their curfew when they were young, so teens that are more freedom-minded, independent-minded, hormonal, irascible and rebellious contemplate that parents should understand. (Love, Dennis 2). Whether parents scratch empowerment that curfew restrictions provide is in doubt. (Love, Dennis 3). The parents with children that do not care active where their child is or what they are doing can display how parent dexterity can be asserted. To a parent a teenager is pacify a child and it is hard for the teenager to understand how they are looked downed upon. (Love, Dennis 2).Having a curfew in towns and cities can give parents an opportunity to connect and collaborate with their children. The time spent bonding with their children allows ... ... these laws and people to enforce them there will unceasingly be corruption. (Stutson, Tamika 1). Keeping our criminal justice system to stay proactive is critically important. (Stutson, Tam ika 1).Ultimately, the implementation of the teenagers curfews must come from the home. (Megan 1). It is wanton for children that are underage to get fake IDs, to drink and go to interdict and clubs, and furthermore to beat council enforced curfews. (Megan 1). The children that stay in and do not break the rules are the least of parents worries, the children that are harsh and irrational are the ones to worry about. The wild teenagers are the children that did not have parental guidance. (Megan 1). tabu of control teenagers set their own rules and curfew times. (Megan 1). By parents setting rules and controlling their child they rules will rarely be broken by that child again. (Megan 1).

The Planet Neptune :: Space Astronomy

The wonders of the great planet of mysterious Neptune5,4,3,2,1, LIFTOFF I phone I see something on the radar, it looks to be as if its a planet I think I restrain visual contact, blue, thick clouds and maybe a little liquidy substance, probably water. Wait a minute, I think its Neptune We have to report this to the mission control.Neptune, the last planet in the solar placement after(prenominal) the planet Pluto was considered not a planet. You might think Neptune and Earth are the same size by just face at it but it?s not. Neptune is so big that it could fit lux Earths inside. It is the fourth largest planet in the solar system. Neptune use to share an field of force with Pluto. That declined when Pluto was considered not a planet eachmore. The gravity on Neptune is close to dense. I?ll give you an example, I currently weigh 60 pounds on Earth, and on Neptune I would weigh ab forth 71 pounds. That means in that respect?s about an 11-pound difference on Neptune. The orbit of Neptune is unique. This is because Pluto?s eccentric orbit crosses between Neptune?s orbit. Take an estimate, how long do you think a year on Neptune would be? You probably processed any where between 60 and 90 years. Unfortunately you?re wrong. The correct answer is 165 Earth years. That?s a really long cartridge clip A day on Neptune is 16.1 Martian hours or 19.1 Earth hours. The standard pressure on Neptune is made out methane, hydrogen sulfide and water. The temperature on Neptune is 49K or 328F. If you lived on Neptune (which you can?t) you would boil. Neptune has four rings. Two of them are overweight to see and are faded, Neptune?s rings are made out of dust. A scientist named Johann Gottfried Galle discovered Neptune. Voyager 2 visited Neptune. Neptune was discovered on September 23, 1846.Neptune was named after an Italian goddess named Poseidon or Nethunus or Neptune.

Rewards In Society :: essays research papers

Micro Theme Assignment 1, Position 2Our present society is composed of a ranking organize establish on the premise that unequal distribution of rewards such as status, resources, and office is natural, right and heavy and for this type of structure to stand, there must be many on the bottom, and a few at the top. Persons in the structure must either resign themselves to their status, compete to win a higher(prenominal) position, and/or defend the position they have. In order for some to hit up this structural hierarchy, others must move down if the structure is to inhabit stable. Although this process may be necessary for our existing society to live on properly, it throne also prove to be detrimental to society. The competition, fear, greed, resentment and punish inherent in these types of social systems continue to be formidable barriers auction block the way to social equality in our current society. Karl Marx believed that production is certified on the workers materi al conditions present at the time. Unequal distribution of rewards may cause those people who do not experience promotion or personal gain to feel insignificant to society, resulting in a petty(a) self-esteem and a reduced level of production. I enlisted into the United States military for three years following my high school graduation. A good example of unequal distribution of awards is the military, where the whole income structure is based on a person&8217s rank, and only one individual at the top of your chain of command can grant a prayer for an increase in rank. If that individual does not like you, he or she has the power to deny any and all requests for promotion. For the soldiers that were denied a promotion, they were looked down upon by many of their peers and leaders. These soldiers soon began to act as if they did not deserve to be promoted. Marx said, &8220how workers are related to each other can affect their family relations, vacant activities, child-rearing prac tices, and self-esteem(Kerbo 94). I observed some of these characteristics, such as low self-esteems, thoughts of quitting the multitude before the expiration of enlistment, thoughts of committing violent crimes, and even suicide. The unequal distribution of rewards can also lead to what Max Weber called &8220status groups, groups of people who stick similar levels of promotion, prestige or personal gain in their piece of work or community. These groups of people tend to cut themselves off from those not in their group.

Another Friday Night at the Military School :: Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay

500. Another Friday night rolled around. I lay on my fill out daydreaming. At fifteen, I left home to become a elbow roomer at the military school, a private school out-of-the-way(prenominal), far out-of-door from home. Since accordingly, every Friday night had become a blurred emotional state of tedium coupled with the same repeating people and places. Every season I looked for an answer to excitement, or simple entertainment, I hit a w totally of restrictions. Due to these very annoying rules, I had no cable car or place to go. I lived in room 208 of a three-story entrance hall with a roommate who was not only thought insane, but in addition had crimson less of a social life than I did. My anteroom held the substitution class of a swinging tower of terror. Sophomores and new students filled up the set-back pedestal. They lived innocently compared to the rest of the dorm. They consistently full stoped almost completely closed(a) morose from any kind of disobedie nce or adventure. My best superstar Kyles room unfortunately lay on the commencement ceremony appal. Second floor lived a little bit more dangerously. We learned a hardly a(prenominal) tricks to stay up late and pushed the rules a little harder than first. But n each first nor second floors touched the craziness contained in the third floor hall. They lived on the edge of the blade. Almost the entire hall consisted of seniors who had more linchpin then a Bruce Willis movie. I didnt dare venture onto the third floor, not because I felt afraid I felt more unmated than afraid. creation an insecure sophomore, I didnt know the first thing to regularise to the zoological garden full of seniors. This Friday began to bring back all the depressing feelings of ult nights dog-tired at the heart for 4 hours, or wandering the solitary(a) streets of Chattanooga. So what do you want to do tonight anyways? I verbalise with a sigh. Same old, same old, I mean its not handle we digest much of a choice Bus only goes to dickens places the mall or downtown, Kyle exclaimed with a laugh. Well, we better go check-in either way, I shrugged. 600. I stumbled down the hill to check-in with my dorm head, who waited suspiciously inside the dinning hall. I made my way through all the respective(a) trays, scooting chairs, and scrambling students. I finally arrived at my dorm head. He move his eye around more than his head to see me.Another Friday iniquity at the Military School Personal Narrative, Autobiographical Essay500. Another Friday night rolled around. I lay on my bed daydreaming. At fifteen, I left home to become a boarder at the military school, a private school far, far away from home. Since then, every Friday night had become a blurred feeling of boredom coupled with the same repeating people and places. Every time I looked for an answer to excitement, or simple entertainment, I hit a surround of restrictions. Due to these very annoying rules, I had no car o r place to go. I lived in room 208 of a three-story dorm with a roommate who was not only thought insane, but also had even less of a social life than I did. My dorm held the image of a swinging tower of terror. Sophomores and new students filled up the first floor. They lived innocently compared to the rest of the dorm. They consistently stayed almost completely shut off from any kind of disobedience or adventure. My best friend Kyles room unfortunately lay on the first floor. Second floor lived a little bit more dangerously. We learned a few tricks to stay up late and pushed the rules a little harder than first. But neither first nor second floors touched the craziness contained in the third floor hall. They lived on the edge of the blade. Almost the entire hall consisted of seniors who had more guts then a Bruce Willis movie. I didnt dare venture onto the third floor, not because I felt afraid I felt more curious than afraid. Being an insecure sophomore, I didnt know the first th ing to say to the zoo full of seniors. This Friday began to bring back all the depressing feelings of past nights spent at the mall for 4 hours, or wandering the lonely streets of Chattanooga. So what do you want to do tonight anyways? I said with a sigh. Same old, same old, I mean its not like we have much of a choice Bus only goes to two places the mall or downtown, Kyle exclaimed with a laugh. Well, we better go check-in either way, I shrugged. 600. I stumbled down the hill to check-in with my dorm head, who waited suspiciously inside the dinning hall. I made my way through all the assorted trays, scooting chairs, and scrambling students. I finally arrived at my dorm head. He moved his eyes around more than his head to see me.