Answers to Questions on Product and Service Design

Answers to Questions on Product and Service DesignP7 Identify the key factors affecting the name of products or service of given scheme and contingent benefit to be gained from proficient designFactors Affecting Organizational Service Design quest ar the factor mostly affecting the way an establishment operates their service those be the pursualOrganization sizeThe smaller the aspirement the lesser chance of a clump structure of that organization ordain be. instead of undermentioned in small organization the individuals may simply furthermoste tasks the way they want and whatever is required to them. There may be rules go under by the firm just to provide guideline with the servicing of which members of organization after dissolve discombobulate decisions.As an organization develops, however, it be grows overmuch effortful to manage the tasks with erupt more than globe structure of assigning tasks, or with commission approximately of authorities to the cut down hierarchy, and hence large firms produce commute tasks and e really exploit is done by proper guidelines and procedures.Organization conduct cycleOrganizations t cease to proceed and get progress through diverse phases which atomic number 18 screamed as a life cycle. Most firms go through the following stagesBirth In this stage, a firm is just blood line their headache consummations. At this stage the firms hardly commit a formal structure. We potful non find much delegation of authority in the beginning stage of the firm.Y come onh This is the variety in which firms turn out to plow the business. The focus of the firm in this stage is on becoming bigger firm. The owner of the firm diverts its attention from satisfying his own wishes to satisfying wishes of the customers. During this phase at that place is a command for the firm to design more formal structure for operating their trading accomplishments and almost delegation of authority come into ef fect.Midlife This is where the organization has achieved a fair direct of success. A larger organization in this stage, have a more formal structure. The levels get off append in their chain of command and the organization may find it to rough to manage e actuallything with take in.Maturity In this phase the organization reaches to maturity stage where their lack innovations and they be not unremarkably interested in expanding their business. Their tension in this stage is more on increasing their profit and sustainability.Organizations in this phase are slowly moving toward decline and may whole step the need to bring on necessary changes to revitalize. As firms tend to get bigger, the organizations interpret more structural changesStrategyStrategy refers to a situation in which the way firm square offtle itself in the trade place memory in picture their run or products. An organization may specify to be always the first to introduce the newest and best products in the provenderstuff ( contraryiation of products strategy), or it leave behind produce already established products in the market more cost effectively (cost-leadership strategy). Any of these strategies requires a structure that essential fit the strategy.EnvironmentThe purlieu is the place in which the firm is operating, and the factors much(prenominal) economic conditions, social and cultural situation, law and piece situation, proficient dapple and natural environs condition diverges the design of organizationsOrganization understand the learns of their customers very comfortably in a more inactive environment, and then firms try to satisfy those indigences accordingly. That is the reason organization remains in the market for a vast period of condemnation. The customers demands sustainment changing in the opposite of st equal to(p) environment and hence firms experience difficulty in satisfying them.In conclusion mechanistic organizational structure puke b e more beneficial for those operating in a more stable environment and hence this remains increases the efficiency level of the organization which ultimately pass on modify their doing in the lifelong run.TechnologyAdvancement in technology is the birth of change in the design of organizations be safari it supporters organization in achieving high efficiency level and help them in cut down their long term cost of production. The following are the form of latest technological production techniquesBatch ProductionBatch production is the process in which instead of manufacturing point in epochs individually, things are produced in batches. The manufacturing process takes place for each item at the same and batch of products or items are not parapraxised to an different(prenominal) stage individually instead all batches are moved to the other stage of production when the each batch of items is completed. hoi polloi ProductionMass production is the process of manufacturing la rge amount of products in less measure by utilizing time saving assembly. It helps a manufacturer to increase their histrion per hour production and it as wholesome reduces the manufacturer labor costs of the utmost product. And then firms impart be able to sell their products at lesser cost to attract more customers.Continuous Process ProductionIn this system the manufacturers produce products by feeding the required raw materials incessantly in a latest technological system. Such systems are operated by less labors, examples loafer be automated oil refineries and chemical factories.Advantages of a steady-going service or product designsFirms cigaret attract more customers by reservation more attracting products with good design and good services.Firms pile better communicate with their customers through their good product or services designs.A good design makes a firms services or products more purposers friendly.It reduces the production costs of an organization and it enables them to gain better profit margin.As it reduces the costs of production then it helps an organization to gain agonistical return over their rivals because they exit be able to sell their services and products at lower price.Its objects are that Tasks should achieve all required outputs and be carried out at minimum cost in order to gain competitive advantage.P8 pardon the operational layout of the business/ incision under consideration. Discuss the outstanding features of the layout? trading operations LayoutThe basic layout of an operation is usually pin downd by the alternative of process organization. An efficient layout is one which minimizes heart and soul distance traveled by materials, customers or even staff. The frequency of journey should also be consideredFeatures of the LayoutIt enables higher utilization of blank shell, materials and employees.It cleanses the flow of materials, information, and employees.It increase employees motivation levels an d provide harmless lending conditions.It improves customers interaction with the organization.It obtains flexibility in the operations of the organization.Operations Layout of pizza pie pie hutThe layout of pizza army hut is not that good in our point of view because an efficient layout must minimize total distance covered by the materials and customers. The lay waste to house of pizza field hut from where they get the raw materials of pizzas is in Lahore which is far away from Peshawar and it takes time to reach Peshawar branch.The flow of information with their customers is very slow in a sense that when a customer call pizza army hut toll free number for ordering pizza pie, an mover sitting in Karachi takes their order who than later inform the Peshawar branch to pose the pizza to a specific location. Usually it takes 50 mints to verbalise Pizzas which is gravely. The company space outside the building is limited often than not customers compositors fount diffi culties in finding space for their cars.The pollution coming out of their kitchen to the environment is limited only the pollution coming of their generators are not. Peshawar is still confront load shedding (neediness of electricity) as a chair they get electricity for the dining hall and most importantly for running their machinery from huge generators which cause both encumbrance and pollution.The Pizza Hut Peshawar branch is located far away from the most important place (Hayatabad) where most their potential customers are living and delivering Pizza to them also takes much time.M3 How does the operations layout of the firm influence performance of given organization. Mention its positive and negative influence?Operations Layout is all to do with the performance of any organization in this case Pizza Hut. A good layout go out reduce their average total cost and can improve their soundly being among customers and vice versa. all organization needs to make up up their ope rations in much(prenominal) a way which can bring efficiency in their activities and help them in increasing their revenue and profits.Positive influences on Pizza HutIf Pizza Hut reconsiders their Operations Layout and bring the required changes in it, it can have the following positive influences on their performanceA good operations layout allow for reduce the time usually taken by their raw material to reach Peshawar branch in this way they pass on be able for satisfy customers demands on time and they volitioning not face material shortage due strikes, road blockage in other cities and hence their customers will be satisfied.If they improve their information system they will be able to receive customers order directly and they will be able to deliver Pizzas to their customers quickly than before this can bring efficiency in their activities and can improve their well being among customers.If they improve their greennessing space more customers will be able to park their cars at one time and hence more customers will trounce Pizza Hut which ultimately will help them to get more revenue and profits.If they are some how able to restrainer the pollution and noise than it will be considered as more environment friendly organization and it will help them in improving their well being and it will also help than to attract more customers and hence more revenue. alone these points discussed supra is the layout of Pizza Hut and if they able to improve their layout as discussed above it will have positive influences on their performance.Negative influences on Pizza HutIf they continue their current Operations layout than it can have the following negative influences on their performanceThe raw materials will take longer than required to reach Peshawar branch and it add more to their costs because the ictus cost is expensive due to the recent raise in gas and diesel prices.It can have negative influence on the language of Pizza to their customers because at that place is no direct promoter line from Peshawar to the customers hence it takes longer than required in delivering pizzas as a result customers can switch to nearby Pizza outlets to them desire Arabian Chicks, Chief burger. particular(a) car sink space is the biggest constraint in attracting more customers therefore customers can have Pizzas from Chief Burger which has large parking area, ultimately it affects their performances.Lack of interaction surrounded by their customers and their staff can have adversely affects on the performance of Pizza Hut because staff will be demotivated and customers will feel they are not important to Pizza Hut.A bad layout will add more to the costs of production and affects the performance of Pizza Hut as a whole.D3 Propose operation layout for the given organization and discuss how it will be better for the organization.Before suggesting an efficient operation lay out , we would the likes of to suggest certain points required to mak e an efficient Lay out only then Pizza Hut Peshawar will able to apparatus our suggested Lay out.Requirements for making a Good LayoutThey need to understand the need of capacity and space requirementsThey need to mete out appropriate equipments for handling materials.They need to take proper decisions regarding environment and its amelioration.They need to identify and understand the requirements for effective flow of informations.They need to identify the cost of moving between the many different work areas.Suggested Lay step up For Pizza HutPizza Hutt Peshawar needs to get a ware house on rent in Peshawar and especially in a place near to the Peshawar branch. In this way they will be able to get raw materials in less time and they can ancestry the remaining material back in the ware house. And they will be able to save much transport cost than before and they can use that money in improving their environment.They need to introduce an operator system in Peshawar as well who c an receive the orders from the slew of Peshawar and who have sufficient k immediatelyledge of the locations of Peshawar. In this way Pizza Hutt can receive orders quickly and then they will be able to deliver Pizzas in less time, it also improve their efficiency.They need to increase their parking space by contracting with army stadium officials regarding allowing their customers to park their cars there in this way more customers will come and their cars will be more safer.They need to control the pollution and noise coming out of their generator by making a separate covered place for their generator.They need to open new outlet in either university road where there biggest competitor chief burger is situated or in Hayat abad where there potential customers are living. This will help them in competing with their rivals and will also help them target their customers by either delivering them Pizzas in less time or by being easily accessible for those people.They need to improve the ir front desk for communication with their customers and handling their kitchen operations and for easy communication with their scrawl and notwithstandingter staff (waiters, manager) to provide better services and environment for their customers.P9 Discuss the invention of employment design, empowerment, and work measurement? cheat DesignWork locating intended to reduce or overcome job unhappiness and lack of interest of employee resulting from boring and repetitive tasks. In job design, firms try to maximize productivity levels by providing non financial awards to their labor force such as increasing the challenge and responsibility of some employees work. Other techniques used in Job design are Job enlargement, job enrichment, job rotation which can be defined asJob EnlargementJob design technique in which the number of tasks attached with a job is increased (and provided an appropriate training) to add great diversity to activities, thus reducing repetitiveness.Job Enric hmentIn this organizations increase the number of tasks executed by their employees as well as they increase their responsibilities in order to make their work more challenging and interesting.Job RotationJob Rotation means employees are moved between two or more jobs in a designed way. The objective is to make the employees to face different experiences to increase job satisfaction.EmpowermentEmpowerment is a concept which Involves delegating some authority to the process operators.In empowerment both individual police squad member must throw in to the business.In empowerment the lower most layers of guidance become unnecessary.Empowerment give chance of greater responsiveness lower employees do not have to acquire focus consent for making some decision themselves..It helps in Continuous improvement of the organization as employees will feel motivated and they will work all together for the success of the business.It helps organization to reduce the number of employee absente eism.It gives greater motivation and flexibility to the employees.Work MeasurementWork Measurement is a method acting which shows how much time a job or part of the job needs to take to complete their tasks. There are different techniques use to measure individual works.Method StudyMethod field of operation is ground on the principle that improvement should always stem from live practice. The proposed working methods are usually feasible. To ensure feasibility a five-spot stage methodology is usedSelect The area of activity to be studied is selected.Record The activity is ushered in detail to keep a sample of task performance.Examine the record is carefully analyzed, usually through some form of chart. The objective is to seek out areas of improvement. change procedures are developed out of outline. These are then tested.Install rewrite procedures are installed. Manuals are written, staff is instruct, new plant is obtained and installed and workplace layout is revised. intr oduce Problems can arise from changes. A presence is required to ensure that problems are dealt with promptly.P-10 Analyze the market of organization and select a capacity mean for the organization (nature of demand add together, volume variety, planning controlling)Outcome 4 conduct SupplyThe manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of gross gross sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. consort to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month). The unexpected orders can cause more demand of the product where as the availability of the ready to use product may be limited according to the expected demand for the shift. Therefore the fluctuation in expected demand and actual demand can cause the shortage of the products and ultimately this can play rough the one of the possible factors of the un talented customer and can cause the partitioning in the productivity of the whole as over all.The demand can also increase because of the good weather, special occasions like sports, rituals, festivals, and purchase power. According to the Manager of the unit, the demand for the food is high in the start of the month but that usually slow down in the end of the month due to the less availability of the funds with customers.Planning imperiousThe operations at Pizza hut can not be highlighted for any of the single functional unit. Rather it is the collection of several placed of the activities that take place with in the unit and make things possible by turning customer expectations into the reality.The success or the failure of the product depends on the performance of several functional units. Those functional units operate separately but connected with each other through the job activities. The preparednesss is the process of getting things ready, that will help to carry the out the operations in store. This involves activities like defrosting of dough, starters a nd cheese. So that can be used for the next day operations.If preparations for the following day operations is not up to the mark then that will cause difficulty or shortages of items that are necessary for the conversion process. The preparation is done on the basis of the next business day forecast. If the forecasted goods will not be made ready for the next day operations that will be virtually difficult for the next day shift manager to carry out the business operations.P-11 Identify different approaches of spirit control used by company. pure tone declare is a method of regular technical activities to measure as well as control the quality of the fund as it is being developed so the Quality Control method is designed towardProvide regular however consistent checks to guarantee data integrity, correctness along with fullnessIdentify and stand on errors as well as omissionsDocument and files descent material and record all Quality Control activities.In order to keep the p roduct quality up to the standard, that is very important to follow the set rules for the product shelf life. Different ingredients used in the pizza making process, carry different shelf life.The examine and the quality highly determine on the freshness of the ingredients, and the resultant the happiness of the customers. According to the Manager of Pizza hut, If, there is variance observed in the product quality that will overall affect productivity and finally the customer satisfaction level so this is not acceptable at all. He added, if company is expending a huge amount of money on the product promotions and market activities that is for the business. And also company provides the training to the employee to how to handle the product quality. So every single person should have to ensure the quality of the product and happy customer makes more return in the future.Total Quality focusing (TQM)This is the key factor for a food chain like Pizza Hut. All the employees are at th e back of the house i.e. the kitchen assistants are train for that reason. They are given extra lessons to meet the quality standards set by Pizza Hut around the world. This strategy is essential in order to satisfy the CHAMPS (Cleanliness, Hospitality, Accuracy, Maintenance, Product, and Speed). This strategy is severely implemented in Pizza Hut in order to execute the quality standards. Different quality management team is also there at Pizza Hut. The shift managers have the charge to monitor whether the quality standards are met or not fleck there are a total quality management department at the main office in Karachi. This department has the duty to implement quality standards and also to know whether they are achieved or not.Moreover there are personnel by name of CR Specialist (fully trained employee for quality control), they are visiting Pizza Hut Peshawar once in a month, they just come inside the outlet just like a customer, and first of all he/she observes everything li ke from entering into Pizza Hut until the end when he ends up with Pizza. If he/she finds any drawback in any of activity then he/she will complain to the headroom Office.P-12 Discuss various method of inventory planning. (Generally) inventoryingInventory in general refers to the materials in replacement. It is also called the idle resource of a firm. Inventories qualify those items which are either old-hated for sale or else they are in the process of manufacturing otherwise they are in the form of materials which are only to be utilized. The intermission between receiving the purchased parts furthermore transforming them into final products vary from industry to industry depending upon the cycle time of manufacturer. Therefore it is necessary to keep going inventories of different kinds to act as a buffer between give and demand for competent operation of the organization. Hence a valuable control on inventory is a necessity for smooth and efficient operation of the product ion cycle with slightest interruptions.Inventory ControlInventory control is a designed approach of determining what to order, when to order, how much to order and also how much to stock consequently that costs associated with buying and storing are finest without interrupting production and sales well inventory control basically deals with two problemsWhen an order should is lay? (Order level)How much should be ordered? (Order cadence)These questions are answered by the employ of inventory models. The systematic inventory control method strikes the sense of balance between the loss due to non-availability of an item plus cost of carrying the stock of an item. regular inventory control aims at concording best possible level of stock of goods required by the business at minimum cost to the business.Objectives of Inventory ControlTo make sure adequate tot of products to customer moreover avoids shortages as far as achievable.To ensure that the financial investment in inventories is smallest amount (i.e. to see that the working capital is fruitless to the minimum possible degree).Well-organized purchasing, storing, utilization and accounting for materials are an important goal.To keep timely record of inventories of all the items plus to maintain the stock within the preferred limits.To make sure timely action for refill.To make available a reserve stock for variations in direct times of delivery of materials.To stupefy a scientific base for both short-term as well as long-term planning of materials.Inventory Control MethodsABC analysis In this scan the categorization of existing inventory is based on yearbook consumption moreover the annual value of the items. Thus we get the quantity of inventory item consumed throughout the year and multiply it by unit cost to get annual usage charge. The items are then set in the descending order of such annual usage cost. The arena is carried out by drawing a graph based on the cumulative number of items and cumulat ive usage of consumption costHML analysis In this watch the categorization of existing inventory is based on unit price of the items. They are classified as high and spiritualist price respectively and low cost items.VED analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on criticality of the items. They are classified as vital, essential and desirable items as a result it is mainly used in spare parts inventory.FSN analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based consumption of the items. They are classified as fast moving, slow moving and non-moving items.SDE analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on the items. golf analysis In this study the categorization of existing inventory is based on sources of the items. They are classified as Government supply, normally available, topical anaesthetic accessibility and foreign source of supply items.SOS analysis In this study the categorization of existing in ventory is based on nature of supply of items. They are classified like seasonal and off-seasonal items.For effective inventory control, cabal of the techniques of ABC with VED or ABC with HML or VED with HML analysis is practically used.M-4 Explain the inventory planning of given organization (stock control method inventory control, cost benefit inventory control, supply chain management).Stock Control Method Inventory ControlThe manager, prior to develop any plans for the food ordering, they observes the forecast of sales and expected upcoming events in the calendar. According to the Manager, they are placing order twice a month (15th 31st of every month) well they are using two different freezers for carrying out their raw material. According to the Manager, he stated that they are using two types of freezers one is frigid freezer and another one is dry freezer and temperature for both of them set accordingly.Cost Benefit Inventory ControlThe cost of sales and the sales reve nue are the actual things that support the managers to run the business on track. If the numbers seems going out of the track they need be highlighted and called as variance. The variance is the difference between the Actual cost and Theoretical Cost. headword office set forecast and provide targets to the business stores. The targets are set with the help of previous year business performance and the expected events. That is called as theoretical cost. On the other hand the cost occurred in the business dates is the actual cost. So if there is any difference occurs that will be treating as variance.The cost of sales of the store for the current period shows the variance of 36.38The theoretical cost set by management was RS/-297407.7 and in fortune 22.46% where as the actual cost for the period occurred was RS/302346 in percentage 22.83%. The results steer the variance remained RS/4911.3.The variance in costing is the actual indicator of the performance. high the variance depicts higher the concerns persist with in the business unit. In present case in hand, the above depicted variance treated to be normal. The business operations can not work on the direct set tracks because the forecasted things can not happen on the absolute behaviors as predicted.Supply Chain drivers of Pizza HutSupply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and the losers in this business, drivers play an important role in impairment of the responsiveness and efficiency. We must examine the cross-functional and logistical drivers of supply chain performance transportation, sourcing and pizza and logistics.TransportationTo deliver the base from the commissioners to different outlets the use the keep trucks in which the base is kept and there is a control of temperature which they set according to the distance between the commissionaire and the outlets. There are 70 trucks to supply the base across Pakistan. There is also a vacant space in which extra base is ke pt to fill the demand of a particular store. The company will not acquire any additive transportation costs so long as the counters are along the highway or the trucks way. In this way they use their transportation and maintain their efficiency.SourcingThe Pepporine mozzarella cheese is imported from Australia and Spain respectively so it will take time an increased the cost also so they have to manage but on the other hand to compensate the increased cost they maintain the local anaesthetic supply chain to reduce the cost like vegetables, wheat, tomatoes are imported from Pakistan so they provide the world class facility and taste may importing its main ingredient from spain and Australia but other ingredients from local vendors.Pizza and logisticsIt is incorrect to conclude that successively a pizza chain is easy by looking its front-end operations compared to the complexities involved in organizing a supply chain the promise of pizza delivery within 30 minutes or else offering it free is a childs play for pizza chains. Supply chain management is the factor that differentiates the winners and losers in this business.The major imports for Pizza are cheese and olive oil. Pizza imported potatoes land at ports in Karachi or the Karachi airport. The consignment is then transported to other parts of the rural area while cheese is imported from New Zealand and chicken or bread is sourced locally.The inputs sourced from different places are supplied to the commissaries in reefers/refrigerated trucks for process as well as production of base material. The pizza dough as well as other items prepared in commissaries is then sent to the retail outlets again in reefers. Based on the distance between the retail outlets and the commissaries, the temperature inside the trucks is fixed so as to set the dough to a required level when it reaches the outlets. According to manager retail outlets have to have the processed dough within three days of delivery. However, due to some reason if they fail to do so, the entire quantity is discarded. The existing commissaries and the reefers will be put to optimum use as Dominos Karachi is now opening counters in Pakistan State Oil Corporations petrol bunks. The company will not acquire any additional transportation costs so long as the counters are the highway or the trucks way.Responsiveness and Effic