Proctor Essays - Salem Witch Trials, The Crucible, John Proctor

A crucible has two definitions: 1) a container made of a substance that can resist great heat and 2) a severe test or trial. In The Crucible, John Proctor is representative of both of these definitions because of the situations that he must overcome and the people that he has to deal with. Abigail Williams, the ringleader of the ?possessed? children, is the source of Proctor?s problems, and it is his challenge to attempt to win the battle against her and the unrelenting town. John Proctor can be considered to be a very strong man. He is one of the few people in the town that refuses to believe that the children are actually possessed, and he shows no fear of expressing this belief to the courts and to the people of the village. ?They?re pretending, Mr. Danforth!? (Miller, 115) At this point, Abby and Susanna Walcott continue saying things such as, ?Mary, don?t come down? and ?She?s stretching her claws!? (115) where after, Proctor immediately responds by declaring that they are lying. Throughout the course of the trial John persistently insists that the girls are liars; however, he cannot convince the court of this truth.

Death Of A Salesman Essays (5222 words) - English-language Films

Death Of A Salesman Essays (5222 words) - English-language Films Death Of A Salesman Arthur Miller is one of the most renowned and important American playwrights to ever live. His works include, among others, The Crucible and A View from the Bridge. The plays he has written have been criticized for many things, but have been praised for much more, including his magical development of the characters and how his plays provide good theater. In his plays, Miller rarely says anything about his home life, but there are at least some autobiographical hints in his plays. Arthur Miller is most noted for his continuing efforts to devise suitable new ways to express new and different themes. His play Death of a Salesman, a modern tragedy, follows along these lines. The themes in this play are described and unfurled mostly through Willy Lomans, the main character in the play, thoughts and experiences. The story takes place mainly in Brooklyn, New York, and it also has some flashback scenes occurring in a hotel room in Boston. Willy lives with his wife Linda and their two sons, B iff and Happy in a small house, crowded and boxed in by large apartment buildings. The three most important parts of Death of a Salesman are the characters and how they develop throughout the play; the conflicts, with the most important ones revolving around Willy; and the masterful use of symbolism and other literary techniques which lead into the themes that Miller is trying to reveal. Arthur Miller was born in Manhattan on October 17, 1915 to Isidore and Augusta Barnett Miller. His father was a ladies coat manufacturer. Arthur Miller went to grammar school in Harlem but then moved to Brooklyn because of his fathers losses in the depression. In Brooklyn he went to James Madison and Abraham Lincoln High Schools and was an average student there, but did not get accepted to college. After high school, he worked for 2 years at an auto supply warehouse where he saved $13 of his $15 a week paycheck. He began to read such classics as Dostoevski and his growing knowledge led him to the University of Michigan. While at the University of Michigan, Miller worked many jobs such as a mouse tender at the University laboratory and as a night editor at the newspaper Michigan Daily. He began to write plays at college and won 2 of the $500 Hopwood Playwriting Awards. One of the two awarded plays No Villain (1936) won the Theaters Guild Award for 1938 and the prize of $1250 encouraged him to become engaged with Mary Grace Slattery, whom he married in 1940. Miller briefly worked with the Federal Theater Project and in 1944 he traveled to Army Camps across Europe to gather material for a play he was doing. His first Broadway play, The Man Who Had All the Luck, opened in 1944. Since then he has written 13 award winning plays and more than 23 different noted books. He had two children with Mary Grace Slattery, Jane and Robert, but divorced her and in 1956 married Marilyn Monroe. He then divorced her later that decade, and, in 1962, married Ingeborg Morath and had one child with her, named Rebecca. He no w lives on 400 acres of land in Connecticut and spends his time gardening, mowing, planting evergreens, and working as a carpenter. He still writes each day for four to six hours. His father always told him to read. He once said, Until the age of seventeen, I can safely say that I never read a book weightier than Tom Swift and the Rover Boys, but my father brought me into literature with Dickens(Nelson, Pg. 59). His fathers good-natured joking was used to invent the character of Joe Kellers genial side. After the Fall (1947) is a play written by Miller where he sneaks in some small autobiographical notes. The character traits exhibited by the main woman in the play indicate his mothers early encouragement to his literary promise. The Depression still troubles him today, especially for the hard times that he went through as a child. In an interview, he once said, It seems easy to tell how it was to live in those years, but I have made several attempts to tell

See details below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

See details below - Essay Example pp2-3) in which the project is either accepted or rejected based on its value addition to the firm and the shareholder wealth. The author showed that the cost of capital of a project is marginalized to maximize the shareholder wealth by including rate of interest, the required rate of return to stock holders, corporate marginal income tax rate, debt to equity ratio and lifetime of the proposed project and the weighted average cost of capital. In a paper written by the same author later (Beranek. 1980. pp404-405) claimed that the Net Present Value rankings of the investment opportunities do not match equity market value unless the projects are of one period duration or are solely equity financed. He established the widely used criteria of accepting a project only if its Present Value is greater than zero and recommended that the project among multiple Mutually Exclusive projects having highest Present Value should be chosen. However, Beranek (1975. pp17) warned of some practical chall enges in implementing this technique in capital budgeting due to uneven cash flows, non-straight line income tax & other depreciations, varying methods of repaying the debts, different treatment of shareholders between capital gains & dividends, errors in calculation of weighted average cost of capital in finite lived projects, etc. His fears were not unreasonable in those years given the current sophistication of capital budgeting procedures that takes into account complex metrics like risk analysis (both systematic & non-systematic), computerized simulations & stress tests, inflation, etc. In fact Pike (1984. pp95) carried out a broad level research on relationship between sophistication of capital budgeting and firm performance to conclude that higher sophistication of capital budgeting impacts firm performance negatively. Overall, Net Present Value has remained the most trusted method to evaluate capital budgeting decisions due to its shear advantage of evolving the "time value of money". Majority of expansions, new operations or replacement decisions are based on NPV technique (Sun & Queyranne. 2002. pp528). Although NPV has some pitfalls especially when the inputs to the NPV calculations (like interest rates, risk perceptions, etc.) vary considerably, it is the most effective technique to evaluate the true value of capital budget when evaluating the returns from a project. It may however not give a complete picture of returns from an accepted project and hence the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) technique should be used along with the NPV technique. Cash Flow Estimation under Capital Budgeting - Issues and Resolutions Most of the analysts associate larger risks with projects that are of longer durations. This is because the speculations of risks, interest rates, inflation, etc. become more unpredictable for longer durations. The NPV technique is perfect for a single duration project but if the inputs vary too much (like interest rates vary considerably within a short span of time), the project can no-longer be treated as single duration. Beranek (1980. pp404) presented an empirical

Assess the assertion that an increase in Eucharistic devotion Essay

Assess the assertion that an increase in Eucharistic devotion contributed to a narrowing of medieval society - Essay Example As a result of such circumstances, where individuals in the society were content with their lot, most of the population of medieval Europe could neither read nor does write, leaving these to the higher rank of the priesthood. In addition, this period saw the growth of the power of the Church, where almost all of the activities of the Christians in the whole of Western Europe was dictated from Rome, thus solidifying the authority of the Church hierarchy.1 Therefore, the Church established the doctrine, which was followed by medieval Europe, and this more often than not was developed in the Church’s favour, since it worked towards the promotion of its power. While these situations often worked in favour of the church, they had the negative impact of ensuring that there was little development of independent thought within the populace, meaning that the society became narrowed. Among the major causes of the narrowing of medieval society was the practice, instituted by the Church, of Eucharistic devotion, which was a requirement for all of those people who professed the Christian faith during this period. The practice of Eucharistic devotion was a church tradition, which was based in the exhibition of the Blessed Sacrament by a priest so that it could be adored by the faithful. The adoration of the sacrament was considered a sign of the devotion that individuals felt towards Jesus Christ as their saviour. The faithful believed that Christ was present in the form of the consecrated altar bread and their adoration of it meant that they were opening their hearts to receive him. Furthermore, the faithful in medieval Europe, through their devotion to the sacrament, were able to meditate by looking directly at it, adding to the belief that they were participating in the continuation of the Eucharist. The Eucharistic devotion was considered to be a form of the worship of Christ as the saviour, which involved his being present in

Most human behaviour and most of our decisions are rational. Discuss Essay

Most human behaviour and most of our decisions are rational. Discuss - Essay Example The latter is viewed as being a model that is extremely descriptive (Newell & Lagnado & Shanks, 2007. 33). Rational intently, is the word that describes people who engage in decision making. It must be known that at the same time, human beings are adaptive and goal oriented in all their actions. The factors, which often make them not make decisions that are rational, are emotional architecture and human cognitive. The latter is often experienced when human beings are in a situation whereby, they have to make decisions, which are extremely important. Many people make irrational decisions when under duress. It is important to avoid making irrational decisions during such times but to maintain calm until such a point that rational decisions is practical. Anger management is an important tool in decision making for it ensures rational rather than irrational decisions are made. Politics is an area where people have to constantly make decisions, which are rational. This is in accordance to a model that is utility classic expected. Evidence that supports this model is of a scientific nature. It has been proven through research, that decisions which are rational are not always possible. A person’s environment plays an essential role in determining whether people make decisions that are rational (Hastie & Dawes, 2001. 42). There is a misconception, which exists between the decision maker responsible for making choices and the environment where decision making occurs. A factor, which may take the form of incentives, can either be negative or positive and it affects decision making. The existence of techniques that are statistical as well as standardized, enable people to distinguish between factors, which are random, and those that are systematic. In turn, it is possible for rationality to be present in making decisions. According to Jonathan Baron (2008. 65), when people are

Literature review of the puritan dilemma

Literature review of the puritan dilemma This assignment is based on the review of the books The Puritan Dilemma: The Story of John Winthrop Authored by Morgan, Edmund and America: A Concise History, Volume 1: To 1877 Authored by James A. Henretta and David Brody. Chapter 6 According to the Puritans, what was governments role in society? The Puritans believed that the church and government should work together to promote holiness and help people to succeed both materially and spiritually. A government official had to be apart of the church. Government was viewed as a proper agency for carrying out the churchs goals, even on family worship. Who were the Separatists? Where, in America, did they first settle? Did Winthrop agree with them? Why/why not? The separates were the puritans who did not recognize the established church and others doubted that the England church was scriptural or its administrations was valid. In America, they settled in Massachusetts Bay. Winthrop did not agree with the separatists because their viewpoints were not in line with puritans believe that evil was everywhere. In addition, the separatists also threatened the relation with England. What, to Winthrop was the most compelling reason to leave England for America? Winthrop made the decision to move his family Ton America to escape religious prosecutions. The charter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony company did not specify a place for the member of the company (the owners/stockholders) to meet? Why was this important? The charter for the Massachusetts Bay Colony company did not specify a place for the member of the company (the owners/stockholders) to meet? Why was this important? It was important to keep it secrete from the board of governors in England. Did the colony prove to be a good business investment They were as the company becomes successful as the company becomes the only successful company that was not under influence of board of governors in England. Also they engaged in business What was Winthrops attitude towards the Indians? Winthrop first perceived Indians to be a Godsend but latter changed his tune after they killed many whites. What was the role of immigration in the colonys survival? The role of their migration to the colony survival was void the coming war with France, gain wealth, escape the jurisdiction of the Virginia company, as well as practice their purified Protestantism. What were the differences between Presbyterians and Congregationalists? The difference between Presbyterianism and congregationalism is not all about elders rule, but whether the region of congregations need be ruled by a single bishop or just a congregation of presbyters. In other words, Presbyterianism means rule by Presbytery. Chapter 7 How did the definition of freemen of the colony change? Why was this important? To be a freeman was like to be given the power of making decisions for your own. Minors for instance were not legally supposed to make any decision. Freemen were supposed to attend meetings in Plymouth town, but the court voted to give room for freemen to assemble in individual towns, as they were to select deputies who were to attend court sessions in Plymouth. In addition, the freemen were to meet in Plymouth for the selection of governor and the assistant, but the court voted to give room for proxy voting hence done away with colony wide meetings of all freemen. This was much important as it allowed formal representative assembly holding. What was the relationship between (Puritan) church membership and voting rights? Were voting rights in the colony more restrictive than in England, or less restrictive? Why? The relationship between church membership and voting rights was that, only freemen were allowed to vote. For the qualification one had to show visible means of support and the necessary level of being responsible. The population was strongly puritans and the small group leaders dominated its governance. These people were strongly influenced by puritan religion elders. Though the governors were elected, such like elections were limited to freemen, who had been examined for religious opinions. As a result, the colonial leadership faced intolerance to other religious group. The voting rights became more restrictive as the colony grew wider and more diversified. There was a time where property needs excluded around 25% of the adult gents from voting. However the franchise remained still relatively open. The governmental systems of Plymouth also modified as the colony grew. Was the colony a theocracy? Why/why not? The government of the colony was just a mixture of both theocratic as well as democratic. The Massachusetts bay colony was partly theocratic. This is because, it was believed by puritans that they had a convent with God for them to build a community that will act as a model to all other nations to copy from them. This is theocratic as everybody believed in it and worshiped a God who was to help them come up with such like a nation. In addition, the colonys franchise was extended to all adult males who were part and parcel of the puritan congregation, as they never took into consideration, the views of other churches or non- religious people, both the Catholics and Jews were all hanged in Boston. Also, the church influenced. This shows theoretic idea behind such like government, and how the church and God affected most decisions of the colony and provided background that established their governance. The Puritan Dilemma by Edmund Morgan 8. Did Winthrop do to stabilize the colonys economy? To stabilize the colonys economy Winthrop practiced moderation which served to bring the colony successfully through the years that separatism posed threats to its mission and survival. 9. What does Morgan say about the prudishness/drabness of the Puritans? Morgan says that despite the puritans having to devote most of their lives to god, they would eventually sin and falls short of his glory. He also says that despite the relentless effort by a puritan to refrain from sin he could end up sinning anyway. These show prudish puritans were. 10. How did the idea of a covenant with God affect Puritan thinking? How did this lead to the Puritan idea of the city on a hill? The puritan thinking was affected by the covenant with god such that he always has to put god as priority in their lives despite having pleasures of the earth god must always remain the main focus in a puritan life. This thinking made puritans to devote much part of their lives in finding a balance between life and god. The puritan idea of the city on the hill is derived from the belief that in order to win the belief of others one must try to do good in a world of wrong doing and that one must moderate in actions he does so that he comes close to god by being a shining star on a dark earth. 11. Why was Separatism problematic for the colony, in Winthrops eyes? In Winthrops eyes separatism was seen as problematic for the colony because they were humble, living and respectful people but at same time they were defiant with a holy intransigence. Chapter 8: What was the issue in which the people first expressed displeasure in Winthrops government The issue in which people first expressed displeasure with Winthrops government is his in ability to think critically about issues, instead he tend to take positions intuitively and justify it by arguing in the Lawyerly attitude of I told u so. In Chapter 8, what does Morgan describe as Winthrops greatest weakness? In chapter eight the Morgan shows that Winthrops greatest mistake is what he describes as his inability to be severe enough in enforcing the laws of the state as he tends to take weeks before banishing those guilty of crimes in the society. How would you describe the theology of Roger Williams? What was his view of the relationship between church and state? No puritan was not allowed to vote unless he as a member of the church hence Roger Williams can be described to counter the dependency of the state on church in which he beliefs that they did wrong when they didnt tolerate the views of the indigenous people but instead robbed them their land and started using church and state to reproof them. 4. How did Ann Hutchinson get into trouble in the colony? Why did her beliefs seem dangerous to Winthrop and others? Anne Hutchinson got in trouble with the colony when she boldly begun preaching the doctrine of antinomianism which declares that a man is saved divine grace a lone and not by the help of his good works. Thus; no matter how one lives wickedly his salvation doesnt not depend on it. Her belief seemed dangerous to Winthrop and others as they belief inn judgment through doing well hence countered their root of faith. 5. Where did Hutchinson go after her trial? After her trial Anne Hutchinson went to Rhodes islands and letter to Netherlands where she got killed in one of the attacks on the Dutch settlements by the Indians. 6. What document was drafted by Nathaniel Ward of Ipswich, Massachusetts? Why was it important? Nathaniel ward drafted the body of liberties which his model became preferred and then complied to form the criminals provisions of the body of liberties. He codified the Massachusetts in 1941. 7. What was the Puritan dilemma? The dilemma of the puritans was the problem of doing right in a world that does wrong or equally same the being in the world but not of it, this dilemma challenged all every puritan throughout their lives.

America Needs Sex Education in Schools Essay example -- Sex Education

Sex education is a major cause of arguments among parents and their school’s board of directors. Some parents argue that sex education should be taught at home or in their religious institution based upon their values. Should the public education system teach sex education to students? There has not been a solution that can be agreed upon unanimously. Sex education isn’t yet a necessity in every school but community support for it is slowly increasing. Sex education needs to be implemented in schools throughout the nation for the protection of today’s youth and further generations from the dangers of unsafe sex and to teach them to understand what sex means. Many problematic situations arise from the current status of sex education in the United States. Almost all of the problems in relation to this idea are results of the youth’s lack of knowledge about sex. Sex education can greatly impact the student’s future by preventing the alarming statistics being created by teenagers. The United States has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion compared to other developed nations (Kaneshiro B.). â€Å"Of the approximately 750,000 teen pregnancies that occur each year, 82% are unintended. Fifty-nine percent end in birth and more than one-quarter end in abortion ("Facts on American Teens' Sources of Information About Sex")†. However, the opposition would like to see it stay the way it is and for future children to fall into line with these bad trends. The opposition calls upon parental guidance for teaching children about the dangers and responsibilities of sex. They feel that it is a parental res ponsibility to inform their children of sex, the consequences of sex, and the necessity to have safe sex. The challeng... .../www.avert.org/sex-education.htm>. Sullivan, Amy. "How to Bring An End to the war of Sex Ed." Time Magazine U.S.. Time Magazine, March 19, 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2012. . Weiser, Dana A., and Monica K. Miller. "Barack Obama Vs Bristol Palin: Why The President's Sex Education Policy Wins." Contemporary Justice Review 13.4 (2010): 411-424. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Wilson, Kelly L., and David C. Wiley. "Influence Of Materials On Teacher Adoption Of Abstinence-Only- Until-Marriage Programs."Journal Of School Health 79.12 (2009): 565-574. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. Zain Al-Dien, Muhammad M. "Perceptions Of Sex Education Among Muslim Adolescents In Canada." Journal Of Muslim Minority Affairs 30.3 (2010): 391-407. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. America Needs Sex Education in Schools Essay example -- Sex Education Sex education is a major cause of arguments among parents and their school’s board of directors. Some parents argue that sex education should be taught at home or in their religious institution based upon their values. Should the public education system teach sex education to students? There has not been a solution that can be agreed upon unanimously. Sex education isn’t yet a necessity in every school but community support for it is slowly increasing. Sex education needs to be implemented in schools throughout the nation for the protection of today’s youth and further generations from the dangers of unsafe sex and to teach them to understand what sex means. Many problematic situations arise from the current status of sex education in the United States. Almost all of the problems in relation to this idea are results of the youth’s lack of knowledge about sex. Sex education can greatly impact the student’s future by preventing the alarming statistics being created by teenagers. The United States has one of the highest rates of teen pregnancy, birth, and abortion compared to other developed nations (Kaneshiro B.). â€Å"Of the approximately 750,000 teen pregnancies that occur each year, 82% are unintended. Fifty-nine percent end in birth and more than one-quarter end in abortion ("Facts on American Teens' Sources of Information About Sex")†. However, the opposition would like to see it stay the way it is and for future children to fall into line with these bad trends. The opposition calls upon parental guidance for teaching children about the dangers and responsibilities of sex. They feel that it is a parental res ponsibility to inform their children of sex, the consequences of sex, and the necessity to have safe sex. The challeng... .../www.avert.org/sex-education.htm>. Sullivan, Amy. "How to Bring An End to the war of Sex Ed." Time Magazine U.S.. Time Magazine, March 19, 2012. Web. 12 Apr 2012. . Weiser, Dana A., and Monica K. Miller. "Barack Obama Vs Bristol Palin: Why The President's Sex Education Policy Wins." Contemporary Justice Review 13.4 (2010): 411-424. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012. Wilson, Kelly L., and David C. Wiley. "Influence Of Materials On Teacher Adoption Of Abstinence-Only- Until-Marriage Programs."Journal Of School Health 79.12 (2009): 565-574. Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition. Web. 24 Apr. 2012. Zain Al-Dien, Muhammad M. "Perceptions Of Sex Education Among Muslim Adolescents In Canada." Journal Of Muslim Minority Affairs 30.3 (2010): 391-407. Academic Search Premier. Web. 28 Feb. 2012.

A Discourse of Three Drunkards

Emma Luster HIS 282 November 6, 2011 A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government Nakae Chomin wrote A Discourse by Three Drunkards on Government in 1887. It is a work of debate literature that presents us with multi-dimensional characters with very specific and indefinable beliefs about how Japan should be run. Nakae Chomin studied in France for some time and this certainly must have influenced his thoughts and writings. In our textbook, Modern East Asia, we learned about many different movements and developments that were going on at the time that this book was written.In terms of political developments, there were a lot of changes going on in Japan. Japanese officials sent forces into Taiwan, which eventually lead to the Chinese suffering a defeat and the samurai still feeling betrayed by the Meiji leaders, which in turn lead to an uprising in Hizen and other areas of Japan. This was the start of the end for the Samurai (Schirokauer, 163). However, despite this rebellion, other le aders praised those in charge of the uprising for their spirit and enthusiasm. There was a great amount of discontent and opposition to the Meiji government at this time and antigovernment groups began to pop up everywhere.It is also notable that political parties began to emerge at this time. Not only were there political developments, but there were also many changes in terms of intellectual progress. Many people in Japan were greatly influenced by Western ideals, specifically in the areas of science and technology (Schirokauer, 168). The Europeans Enlightenment also influenced Japanese intellectuals. To me, it seems as though the intellectual movements were for the most part stimulated by ideas that did not come directly from Japan. With all of these changes, the foreign relations that Japan had with other countries began to change.Relations with Western and European countries grew exponentially for the better. However, relations with other Asian nations were not quit as successf ul; especially after the rebellions and revolutions. As we learn from the debate, China and Russia are the two countries that stick out as countries that could cause problems for Japan. I think that the author wrote this book at the time that he did because he knew that Japan was stuck and people needed help as to what should happen next. By writing this type of book it gives readers multiple opinions without forcing them to choose one like most authors.He thought that the crisis was that conflicting opinions were not being compromised and no one really wanted to be the one to lead Japan successfully into the future for fear of failure. His concern was the Japan would fall apart and that there would be nothing anyone can do. One of the three characters in the book, Champion, had a very unique view of how Japan should be that was extremely different from that of the Gentleman. The Champion thought that Japan should step it up and become more forceful in its handling of foreign disput es.He thought that if Japan was going to be attacked by another nation, Japan should not be passive and should in fact answer with strength and force. He brings up a good point when he says that Japan could not respond to foreign attacks by trying to verbalize and reason through the problem. Champion is a skeptic when it comes to relations with other nations and thinks that other countries are solely looking out for their own best interests which to me seems to make sense, and that is why Champion believes that Japan needs to take a stand and project its own desires and interests.Another point that I find to be particularly powerful is that Champion tells the Gentleman that just because Japan is adopting Westerns values, it does not mean that these other nations such as France or the United States will aid Japan in a time of need. According to the Champion, war is inevitable and it should not be feared because it will leave Japanese citizens with a sense of pride and pleasure that t hey have accomplished something that is of great importance.In short, Champion thinks that weakness and passiveness is the problem and that Japan needs to not rely on other countries as much, and should take caution to create a system where Japan can stand on its own. To me, I think that Champion does seem to be realistic in his arguments because he knows that discussion and reasoning will not be effective once a violent attack has already been launched. However, I think that the degree to which militaristic views were pushed is slightly extreme and that Champion should realize that there is some validity to not being so outwardly aggressive.Next, we have the Gentleman, whose argument is the opposite of Champion’s. The Gentleman believes that as the Western world develops, Japan will quickly be left behind in the dark. To prevent this, he argues, Japan should try to keep up with the times and stay as modernized and Westernized as possible to reduce the risk of being left behi nd. This means that Japan should try to adopt a political system such as democracy, which in turn, attempts to promote pacifism over violence at all costs. Namely, that conflict with the larger and stronger European nations is avoided.These powers are of concern to the Gentleman and he stresses the point that trying to stand against these powers on war would be a foolish decision because if Japan is victimized, they will not be in the wrong for also engaging in violence. In the government, the Gentleman believes that the power should lie in the hands of the people, eliminating the tension that citizens had with the government in previous years. If the citizens felt like they are more involved, perhaps they would have more of a sense of national pride in their homeland.The Gentleman specifically mentions China and Russia as rivals that should be watched closely. In my opinion, I feel as though the Gentleman is too optimistic in his thinking that pacifism is a realistic approach to so lving world problems, especially after the development of stronger and more powerful weapons. Despite the fact that he promotes pacifism, I also feel as though the Gentleman’s promotion of his tactics, as well as his hope and desire for an instant change is far too aggressive for something that would be so radically different for the Japanese.His ideas are good in theory, and if they would really work I think it would be the best situation. Lastly, we encounter the mediator of the two other men, Master Nankai. Master Nankai has a clear passion for talking about politics and believes that it is of high importance. Master Nankai takes bits and pieces from both arguments and it seems as though he promotes the best of both worlds. He is clearly a supporter of democracy, but he also realizes that it has its drawbacks. He believes that Japanese officials should not seek out violence but if needed, they should be able to protect their country to the best of their abilities.It is als o said that European nations such as, France, Germany, and Russia set the standard for what Japan should strive for. However, as much as it seems as though Master Nankai supported these ideas, he also makes strong statements that he cannot accept either set of beliefs as they stand. Nankai wants the men to try and revise their ideas, and give them time to be tested in the real world before one can be accepted as the whole truth. To him, Master Nankai thinks that a constitutionalism system should be put in place where the emperor still has power but the peace and happiness of the Japanese citizens is still promoted.Now we come to the hard part, deciding where my beliefs lay and which of any of these main characters do I support? I would have to say that I cannot say that I could pick one of the main characters arguments. Both are far too idealistic and would not work in the real world. To me, the perfect situation would be a combination of both Champion and Gentleman’s beliefs . If the Japanese could learn from other countries, and strive for more independence in the world, that can only be beneficial.However, it is important that the Japanese culture is maintained and that precautions are taken so that it can protect itself if need be. In conclusion, we can learn a lot about Meiji Japan from this book that at first did not seem to be strictly informational. The book as a whole focuses on the international relations of Japan with other world powers as well as the future of Meiji Japan. I think it is clear that Japan is at a major crossroad right now where things could take a drastic turn for the worse if the right decision is not made.

Fashion In the 1920s essays

Fashion In the 1920s essays Fashion had a big impact on the culture of the 1920s and 30s. The styles were more based on comfort and having a fresh start after World War I. Womens clothes became tighter and more revealing. Mens were about being sophisticated at first but then laid back. This period in time was a completely new era. Fashion leading up to the 1920s The fashion of the 1900s was very different to those in following years. The fashion in the early 1900s was very sophisticated and elegant. The women commonly wore fitted bodiced dresses with petticoats and corsets under them. They usually were  ¾ length sleeves and were worn with gloves that covered up the bare arm that would have been showing. Lace and ruffles were very much in style and the details were very important. They usually were made out of linen and worn with a thick belt at the waistline. Men had a different sort of fashion as well. The men dressed fairly formal and proper for casual events. They usually wore 3 piece suits with suit jackets with no collar. This era in fashion was called the Edwardian Period. The fashion in this time was sophisticated, elegant, and chic. Womens Fashion in the 1920s Women dressed in all different ways in the 1920s. The women were all about having a new fresh start after the war. They wanted to look sassy and cute as apposed to the dull and boring styles of those leading up to it. Some new styles made a big impact on the parents of the 20s. Girls wanted to cut their hair, which was a very controversial statement at the time. Girls who dressed like this were called flappers. Being a flapper was commonly related to smoking and drinking. Although attempts were made to show what a flapper was really about. Ellen Welles Page wrote an article to Outlook magazine called A Flappers Appeal to Parents. She tried to convince the moms that being a ...

Free Essays on Analysis Of “the Darling“ By Anton Chekhov

Analysis of â€Å"The Darling† The short story â€Å"The Darling†, by Anton Chekhov, tells of a woman who loves three men, and how her beliefs and ideas change with, and as often as, her husbands. Nicknamed â€Å"darling†, Olenka never allows for thoughts or opinions of her own, as if she never learned how to think for herself. A look at the principle characteristics of Olenka shows her significance as the author intended. Through this story, Chekhov suggests that many people employ the â€Å"selfless self† characteristic, and that this trait can inconvenience, as well as comfort. The central and protagonist character, Olenka, is attractive, kind- hearted, and eager to help other people. The nickname â€Å"darling† arises from â€Å"her full rosy cheeks, her soft white neck with a little dark mole on it, and the kind, naà ¯ve smile, which came into her face when she listened to anything pleasant†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This name bears irony: Olenka is â€Å"darling† to everyone and becomes indulged like a favorite pet. Directly presented to the reader is the trait of Olenka only finding happiness in reflecting the beliefs of her husbands. This causes Olenka to embody female disempowerment- she subordinates her will to male intellect. A foolish but affectionate wife, Olenka does gain happiness when married to her first two husbands- theater owner Kukin, and timber merchant Pustovalov- because she has someone to dote on, and Olenka â€Å"could not exist without loving.† Olenka never evolves within the tale; she only becomes lonelier and more desperate for male affection. When Olenka can not turn to any more lovers for attention, the protagonist focuses all of her attention on Sasha, the abandoned son of her former lover. Olenka begins parroting the opinions of Sasha, and embarrasses him by following him to school. Readers see that, although Olenka can win affection from anyone, Olenka never earns any respect.... Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"the Darlingâ€Å" By Anton Chekhov Free Essays on Analysis Of â€Å"the Darlingâ€Å" By Anton Chekhov Analysis of â€Å"The Darling† The short story â€Å"The Darling†, by Anton Chekhov, tells of a woman who loves three men, and how her beliefs and ideas change with, and as often as, her husbands. Nicknamed â€Å"darling†, Olenka never allows for thoughts or opinions of her own, as if she never learned how to think for herself. A look at the principle characteristics of Olenka shows her significance as the author intended. Through this story, Chekhov suggests that many people employ the â€Å"selfless self† characteristic, and that this trait can inconvenience, as well as comfort. The central and protagonist character, Olenka, is attractive, kind- hearted, and eager to help other people. The nickname â€Å"darling† arises from â€Å"her full rosy cheeks, her soft white neck with a little dark mole on it, and the kind, naà ¯ve smile, which came into her face when she listened to anything pleasant†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This name bears irony: Olenka is â€Å"darling† to everyone and becomes indulged like a favorite pet. Directly presented to the reader is the trait of Olenka only finding happiness in reflecting the beliefs of her husbands. This causes Olenka to embody female disempowerment- she subordinates her will to male intellect. A foolish but affectionate wife, Olenka does gain happiness when married to her first two husbands- theater owner Kukin, and timber merchant Pustovalov- because she has someone to dote on, and Olenka â€Å"could not exist without loving.† Olenka never evolves within the tale; she only becomes lonelier and more desperate for male affection. When Olenka can not turn to any more lovers for attention, the protagonist focuses all of her attention on Sasha, the abandoned son of her former lover. Olenka begins parroting the opinions of Sasha, and embarrasses him by following him to school. Readers see that, although Olenka can win affection from anyone, Olenka never earns any respect....

Counting Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Counting Systems - Essay Example There was a certain social status and prestige associated with the use of a counting table. Hindu mathematics presents interesting features of notation. Valuable information on this development is revealed by the Bakhsh'l' Manuscript. First, Hindu Arabic numeral system was mentioned in the 9th century. It is classified as a positional decimal numeral system consisted of symbols (Smith and Karpinski 1911). It has been generally believed that the so-called Arabic numerals, from which arise those in use by us today, were derived by the Muslim peoples from India, and that the Hindus invented (1) the principle of position or place value of the decimal point and (2) the nine digits and zero (or dot). In the astrological treatise written by Ch''-t'an Hsi-ta, who flourished under the T'ang Dynasty in the early eighth century A.D., the so-called Hindu decimal notation and rules are implied, so that they were introduced, or re-introduced into China, at that time or possibly earlier (Datta and Singh 1998). Whereas Hindu astronomy made improvement through Greek influence, mathematics in India, as Professor Sarton has stated, had no need to wait for Hellenism: we are, therefore, at present disinclined to refuse legitimate claims for Hindu originality in respect of the nine numerals and decimal system (Al-Daffa, 1977). "The basic idea of the system is the primacy of grouping (and of the rhythm of the symbols in their regular sequence) in "packets" of tens, hundreds (tens of tens), thousands (tens of tens of tens), and so on" (Ifrah et al. 2000, p. 25). In the Bakhshali Manuscript researchers find a small sign used to represent negative quantity: it is a cross, like the present 'plus' sign, but placed to the right of the quantity to which it refers. Zero is represented by a dot. The dot is also used to indicate an unknown quantity. There is an absence from the Bakshali Manuscript of symbols of operation, even the negative sign already noted not being used as such. In Bhaskara's Bija-Ganita, however, the dot is used as the negative sign of operation (Datta and Singh 1998). Operation is indicated in the Bakhsh'l' Manuscript by an ad hoc term, or by relative position, In general, Hindu mathematicians used the terms "ya" (as many as") for the first unknown quantity, now usually denoted by x; for the second unknown, say y for the constant quantity in an expression; "v or va" for a square and the initial letters of the words representing various colours for other unknown quantities (Al-Daffa, 1977). During his khalifate and later, there flourished Al-Kindi. Al-Kindi, like many eminent scholars of the Middle Ages, was an encyclopedialist, and wrote numerous works on many subjects. He translated extesively from the Greek, and his treatise on geometrical and physiological optics (known in the Latin form as De Aspectibus) was based on the optical works of Euclid, Heron, and Ptolemy. He was interested in large-scale natural phenomena, studying particularly the tides, and also the rainbow ion accordance with the principles of optical reflection. Further, his scientific studies embraced the Hindu numerals and a musical notation relating to pitch (Smith and Karpinski 1911). He was sufficiently far-sighted to regard much alchemy as spurious and non-scientific Eminent among writers on mechanical and mathematical subjects were the three sons of M's' ibn Sh'kir, the Ban' M's', who engaged also the

The straightforward claim 'I broke the law but there would have been Essay

The straightforward claim 'I broke the law but there would have been worse consequences had I obeyed the law will not in itself lead to an acquittal(Quayle [2 - Essay Example ce (1) the Court of Appeal held that, a persons consent is irrelevant and cannot prevent criminal liability for an offence if actual bodily harm was intended and/or caused, subject to some exceptions. This strict rule was based on the view that it is not in the public interest that people should try to cause, or should cause, each other actual bodily harm for no good reason. The Court of Appeals views were applied the House of Lords in R v Brown and Others (2). There are some exceptions to this defense like reasonable surgical interference, a properly conducted game or sport, and tattooing and ear-piercing. A person can validly consent to the risk of being unintentionally harmed. In R v Aitkin and Others (3) the victims participation in practical jokes played on RAF companions was accepted as evidence suggesting that he too could become a victim and consented to this. The definition of the Duress well mentioned in the case Attorney-General v Whelan (4) that the threats of immediate death or serious personal violence so great as to overbear the ordinary powers of human resistance should be accepted as a justification for acts which would otherwise be criminal. The defense must be based on threats to kill or do serious bodily harm. If the threats are less terrible they should be matters of mitigation only . In DPP for N. Ireland v Lynch (5), it was held that the law would not regard threats to a persons property as a sufficient basis for the defense. Here the immediate threat should be in such a nature that it is to be operated upon the accused at the time that the crime was committed. In R v Hudson and Taylor (6), it was held that it was always open to the crown to shown that the defendants had not availed themselves of some opportunity to neutralize the threats, and that this might negate the immediacy of the threat, regard had to be had to the age and circumstances of the accused. But it is to be remembered that a defendant who joins a criminal