Rational Decision-Making Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Rational Decision-Making Model - Essay ExampleAccording to the research findings, clear-sighted close origin model is a cognitive progression which requires that each step must be followed in a logical manner and in an organized manner. The cognitive process of rational decision-making model requires thinking and evaluating the alternatives for attaining the outstrip possible result. There are various rational models available all of which have various locomote involved and the steps which are inter-related also differ in different models. Some people are of the opinion that rational decision creation is comparable to trouble solving. It is evident that some resolutions are not dilemma oriented and does require telling the common delineation of a rational representation. Rational decision making is considered a multi-step procedure which requires logical and sound decisions to be made executed in an cleanly manner starting from problem initiation through a solution. The entire process starts with a verbal expression of goal, identification of criteria for decision making and then working on the alternatives for making analysis and making the finalized decision. The new(prenominal) area of rational decision-making model requires management to make some vital assumptions about a finical decision. Hence it requires that the person should have complete and precise information available about the selected preference which has been made. Moreover, the person should have cognitive ability and time for weighing every choice available to them which will quit them in making an efficient decision. However, it can be asserted that rational decision making is all designed using scientifically collected selective information which allows making informed decision making. Once the data is carefully selected and analyzed it helps in reducing the chances of errors and misrepresentation. The assumptions and conjecture combined with subjectivity are all considered as the leading causes for poor and inequitable judgments. The biggest advantage is that information and knowledge are all based on performance which must be consistent, reliable and of high quality. It helps greatly in reducing risks and uncertainties associated with the concerned resolution. The rational decision-making model instills a proper strategy for making decisions which must be disciplined, consistent and logical in manner. As it is a step by step methodology which requires that problem must be specify clearly before taking any decision and action. Once the problem is precisely defined and particular decisions are identified using weights.

Clausewitz, Jomini, WWII and Operation Overlord Essay

Clausewitz, Jomini, WWII and Operation Overlord - Essay patternThe paper tells that Jomini served in the Russian and French armies in the nineteenth century during the Napoleonic wars. He contributed more often than not on the terms used in modern U.S theory and doctrine. Jomini believed that war was a science and with mensural study on rules one could discover its conduct. According to Jomini he depicted strategy as craft of war upon the map, which comprehended the entire theater of war. The main tactic world posting troops in accordance with the accidents of the ground, of placing them into battle, and art of fighting upon the ground, in contradiction to planning upon a map. Jomini further give tongue to that a defensive war had its advantages when wisely conducted. He depicted passive defense as being pernicious and the active on the other side accomplishing greater success. Jominis principle on semipolitical war was that the cause of defensive war is to protect the country side that was being threatened by the opposition, and all operations to be designed to retard his enemys progress. This is to be achieved by increasing difficulties and obstacles in the enemys way, however taking care not to compromise ones own army. The sentiment behind it was that for one to invade, he does so with intention of superiority. The defense on the other hand desires slow down till the adversary is weakened by fatigues, marches and sending off detachments to his progress. These conceptions by Jomini are central as they are the only ones that were worth considering when it comes to modern war, especially the strategy of exhaustion used to lastly strangle the Confederacy. (Archer 130). Williams in his book Lincoln and his Generals found that most of Jominis ideas were seen as misleading and isolated, in many cases would lead to high casualties, uncertain battles, and a war that drug on for so long (Williams 204). Clausewitz ideas on war According to Clausewitz war wa s a tragic and complex enterprise, always threatening to hold in away from human control (Archer 126). Bartholomees in his article states that much of what Clausewitz purported was either ordinary or 19th century specific with an exception of three ideas (Bartholomeees 21). First his encouragement of seeking battle. In his book he states that pursuit makes up the second act of the victory and in most cases is more important than the startle (Clausewitz 267). According to his view, he sees war as a nonlinear phenomenon that is naturally unpredictable through analytic means (Bayerchen 86). The second idea that Clausewitz gave was attack the enemys centre of gravity. This was to be achieved by attacking the enemys army then followed by seizing his capital and attacking his alliances. The final idea is the how to, which is a concept of the culminating point. Clausewitz defines culminating point as strategic attacks that lead to the point where the remaining potency is erect enough to sustain a cover and wait for peace. Past that point then tables turn and the response follows with force that is usually a lot stronger compared to the original attack (Clausewitz 82). Difference between the two theorists in that location are a lot of differences between the two theorists and their ideas but with only one that can be considered over the others. Their difference mostly came in because Clausewitz theories mainly dealt with how to win the war unlike Jominis which emphasized on teaching the leaders how to fight their battles. Conclusion Jomini

Health Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4750 words

wellness Psychology - demonstrate ExampleI held on to the biomedical perspective. Now, I realize at that place is more than to it than just visible wellness. This, I realized as I mature, because I encounter several stressful moments that affect my well-being not only physically but also mentally and emotionally. Such stress makes me unable to take well. I also realize that when I harbor negative emotions, it somehow translates to physical symptoms. Now, I cling to the biopsychosocial philosophy of health. The discussions with my peers facilitated this belief because we all had our own notions and definitions of health, but the common ground is well-being. Many factors affect the health of a psyche and that includes social and environmental factors. The individual is also responsible for caring for himself, and his own infirmity prevention. This matter falls under the area of Health Psychology.This course has defined Health Psychology as a branch of psychology that deals wit h how people cope and manage illness and health behaviour (Course Notes, Psy 4101).. The person responsible for this is called a health psychologist. He is not a medical doctor but his force field of expertise lies more on psychology and how to help people manage a healthier life. I also realized that health psychologists belong to a bigger group of psychologists that do research and phylogeny in this specialized field. This, I learned when I went to the site of the British Psychological Society (2010) and they include several areas where psychological research and methods applyI know that in each area enumerated above, there fall numerous sub-areas that contribute to the wide scope of Health Psychology, and it is amazing how it still grows upon discovery of more information. The first area, the promotion and maintenance of health involves dissemination of health education.In line with the World Health

Prisoner's Dilemma Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prisoners Dilemma - Research Paper ExampleIn the prisoners dilemma plucky I was stuck in cast aside with atomic number 15. We were in separated cells. In a prisoner dilemma game in that respect is no way for the prisoners to coordinate their actions (Varian). The two options in the game are to abet or defect. Cooperate implies to cooperate with each other by denying the crime. Defect means to talk to the police and tell on each other. The first strategy that I choose was to cooperate. I was sure that mates would do the same. Lucifer did not follow my lead and defected. The implication of this strategy was that I was going to jail and Lucifer was going to go free. I decided to run the simulation once again to action a different strategy. During the second simulation run I decided to cooperate once again. Lucifer cooperated with me. The game was run 13 times and Lucifer kept cooperating. The final examination outcome was mutual cooperation the stovepipe potential outcome for both parties. Under this scenario we both received jail time but at a reduced sentence. I decided to take heed the simulation a third time to try a different strategy. The third strategy I used was to be a traitor and fulfil a pure defect strategy. Lucifer became the sucker in the game. My won the game with a final score of 78-13. The strategy that I used was risky in real prisoner dilemma game because if both parties defected we both get the maximum jail time.

Packet Data Transmission Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Packet Data Transmission - Essay ExampleThe transport layer establishes a posing management between the two hosts. Data received from the application layer is segmented into packets. Each packet is given a unique label before being contagious. The packets contain the necessary information that is direct to the host computer to fetch a web page these packets are transmitted to the meshwork layer. The internet layer constitutes the Internet protocol (Parziale, 2006). Data is packaged into Internet Protocol datagrams, which hold the address detail of the client and server. The addresses of the client and server side are referred to as IP addresses (Osterloh, 2001). The packets are then transmitted to network interface layer. The network interface layer is responsible for determining how data is transmitted everywhere the network (Rufi, 2008). The transmission of data is dependent on the network medium used, for example, Ethernet and the optical fiber. TCP/IP protocol stackIn ord er for communication to be effective, the internet protocol is based on the TCP/IP model. The TCP/IP constitutes protocols, mainly the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and the Internet Protocol (IP), hence the name but there exist other protocols as well. The TCP/IP is a hierarchical model composed of interactive modules where each module is assigned a specific job (Bonaventure, 2011, p.75). The layers in the model are composed of protocols that can relate to each other depending on the carcass type. In terms of hierarchy, a number of layers below the higher layer protocols support it.

Lack of Universal Healthcare amongst people of Low Socioeconomic Essay

Lack of Universal Healthcargon amongst raft of Low Socioeconomic Status - stress ExampleThe situation has not changed since then. Pappas et al. has found that between 1960 and 1986, the gap between the mortality of people advent from low financial status and last financial status had increased a lot (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). It was similarly found that as the income increases, the mortality rate decreases (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). This draws it very clear that vulnerability to diseases and mortality of a individual strongly depends on his financial status (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.8). People in adult age group overture from lower income families suffer from poor wellness five times more than the people glide path from high income families (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.5). The sad thing is that, this situation applies even in case of children. Cohen et al. found that children belonging to lower SES families are more likely to develop wellness problems like injury, asthma , ear diseases, physical inactivity etc., than the children from high SES families (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.9). One of the main factors for this difference is the environment. Environmental Hazards It has been found that the toxic waste of the different nature is dumped in areas where people from lower SES live (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). These people are exposed to environmental hazards and they lack the resources to fight these hazards (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). Moreover, people living in the lower SES communities follow unhealthy lifestyle as they are addicted to throw away food, smoking, drugs and physical lethargy (Adler & Stewart, 2010, p.12). Also, the number of people who smoke is very large in the lower SES communities. This affects not only when the health of people who smoke but also the health of their children and their neighbors...This paper presents the study of the background and the researches regarding the health contrariety due to lower socioeconomic s tatus. Every nation should try to provide equal discourse and opportunities to its people, regardless of their background and socioeconomic status. As it is a birthright of every human being to bed health care facilities provided by the government and the health sectors. Living a healthy life is not only beneficial for personal life but is also important for healthy growth of the nation.The health disparity is also the result of the increase in the inequality level of the income in last cardinal years. This disparity in the income level has severely distorted the equal distribution of health and social resources. In todays world, where every little problem of human beings is solved with the help of innovative ideas and technology, the befuddled situation experienced by people with lower SES is a blot on human.Health disparity occurs when certain groups of people do not get access to the available health resources due to their harmful social or personal status. For example, peop le belonging to lower SES do not get right-hand(a) and easy access to health screening, treatment options, culturally knowledgeable staff personnel, information on health benefits etc.The only way to eradicate the disparity in health care for people coming from lower SES is to provide them with adequate environmental facilities along with health care programs. However, what is most important is to make them feel cared for.

Intravenous Paracetamol to manage pain Research Proposal

Intravenous Paracetamol to manage trouble oneself - Research Proposal ExamplePatients atomic number 18 bound to come across pain later the effect of anaesthesia given before surgery is finally gone. White et al (2010) had reported a result of surveys in Europe and the USA, stating the need to improve the quality of managing pain after surgeries. The practice then was to use opioids which have multiple adverse effects (AEs) constipation, urinary retention, vomiting/nausea, hypersensitive reactions, confusion, sedation, respiratory depression, and hypotension. These AEs increased the cost of hospitalization and delayed the recovery of patients. A better way of managing pain was then under clinical trials for 15 years. It involved the use of analgesics that require less opioids. There was no FDA approved Intravenous acetaminophen at that time. Cadence Pharmaceuticals Inc. patented the first I.V. Paracetamol in July 8, 2011 (US SEC 2011) and produced Ofirmev which, until the present, does non have a competitor worldwide due to the recognized protection for intellectual property. This gathered bear witness about the efficacy and safety of apply Ofirmev (the only available US FDA approved Intravenous Acetaminophen in the market), how it benefits patients, and actually improved the quality of pain counseling. There were evidences based on actual clinical trials with patients that proved the efficacy and safety of Intravenous Paracetamol to neonates, infants, children, adolescents, adults, and even the elderly with age 65 years ageing and above, for mild, moderate, and unrelenting cases of pain, especially postoperative pain. Introduction Focus is given to the extent of actual benefits observed in many clinical trials, limitations, and clarifications pertaining to the use of I.V. Paracetamol use for postoperative pain management. As a background, over a year after the introduction of the US FDA approved injectable pain reliever under the tarnish name Ofirmev , doctors have pursued further clinical trials in Europe and the USA covering thousands of patients. wiz of the references of this paper took the effort to search for registered clinical trials in order to learn more about efficacy, safety, equaliser of patients who responded favourably or not, to mostly postoperative cases. It would be interesting to know under what conditions I.V. Acetaminophen should be administered to patients. What procedures were followed? Why? There atomic number 18 very young to very old patients who encounter the need for surgery. How should it be given? In actual experiences, was it safe to administer the use of this analgesic to any of such patients? What are the chances of having a satisfied postoperative patient after using Ofirmev? For one thing, doctors excluded patients with symptoms pointing to contraindications against the use of Intravenous Acetaminophen. These are situations wherein patients have severe liver disease, hepatic impairment and ac tive hepatic disease, allergic to acetaminophen, chronic malnutrition, severe renal impairment, and to patients with history of being alcoholic. The US FDA (2012a) announced that the limitation per dosage of acetaminophen should be 325 mg. duration the total maximum dosage per day must not exceed 4 grams. For infants, the recommended dose of the US FDA for acetaminophen in vial is only 50 mL per child weighing less than 33 kg. (US FDA 2012b, p.12) There were cases of acetaminophen over dosages in infants and adults in the past. For adults, from 1998 to 2003, a total of 131 people experienced acute accent liver failure in the United States due to acetaminophen overdose (US FDA 2012a). Nonetheless, the medical practice has changed from using mostly opioids like morphine and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to the preferred use of Intravenous Acetaminophen in faction with less opioids only when needed, for reasons that will be disclosed in this paper. Problem and Purpo se Quality management of postoperative pain requires provisions for the comfortable recovery of patients right after surgery. Unfortunately, the use of opioids to

The relationship between employee engagement and organisational Research Paper

The blood between employee network and organisational performance - look into Paper ExampleMoreover, the survey also state that 28% of the global workforce is engaged, 54% is not engaged and 17% is actively disengaged. It was also found that with soaring level of employees engagement organizations tens to do closely in the competitive business environment. The discussion aims to investigate the complex issues in contemporary HRM by cerebrate more than on socio-economic issues offering challenges to HR practioners. The discussion underpins relevant literature to seek answer for the detect issue revolving around socio-economic issues posing as a great challenge for contemporary HRM that is yet to be defined and understood fully in the current business environment. Majority of the literature stated that high level of employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to be transparent and echt in their approach while making their employees fu lly engaged to accomplish stated goals and objectives. Based on the analysis of the literature in the context of employees engagement and organizations performance, it was concluded that strengthening the relationship between employees and organizations matters the nigh in order to enhance the overall organizational performance. ... Robinson, et al (2004) stated that employee engagement is the involvement of employees with rapture for work that often results in better organizational performance. Furthermore, Fernandez (2007) stated that employee engagement is the positive attitude held by employees for their organizations values and objectives that is created by effective relationship between employers and employees. Coffman (2000) stated that there is a positive relationship between employee engagement and organizational performance as engaged employees are more likely to help organizations through their dedicated approach and efforts. Meere (2005) conducted a survey on 360000 em ployees from 41 companies of 10 different countries and found that operating and net profit drastically reduced with low engagement of employees. Clifton (2008) stated that employee engagement is closely linked to the organizational performance but also requires organizations to form sustainable relationship with employees. On the other hand, Vance (2006) believed that every organization has different ways of engaging their employees to enhance organizational performance. However, indigence and compassionate behaviour always help organizations to engage their employees to perform well along with putting their outperform foot forward in achieving the proposed goals and objectives in a systematic and enthusiastic manner. On the basis of the above discussion, it can be said that employee engagement leads to better organizational performance but organizations need to reserve good relationship with employees in order to win their confidence and loyalty resulting in better engagement a nd better creation of value and thus enhancing the overall organizational performance. Employee Engagement and Organizational Performance

Beauvoir's second sex Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Beauvoirs second sex - Essay ExampleShe notes that because of treatment, where a girl grows understanding that she is destined to do house chores, a girl grows up with show up innate motherly instinct. Basing on the way the society handles the two genders, a girl is made to grow accept in and worshiping a male god and creating imagery adult lovers. Beauvoir views the discovery of sex by women as a painful phenomenon. When it comes to sex, the society has made men the masters of the worlds revelation. Beauvoir notes that one of the hardest experiences in a girls life is puberty stage. She describes the way a girl in her deep teens come to accept her femininity. According to her a girl may do this by streak away from home, by stealing or following nature. In chapter 2 of this book titled particular Beauvoir demonstrates that women are equally looked down upon in marriage and that she is always playing a role of acceptable the sexual desires of a man. She emphasizes that in marria ge setting the role of a char as a house keeper/cleaner is evident of the servant hood role women are made to play. She says that the hauteur of women is compromised in a marriage setting and as often the case, women can only find dignity by accepting her role in providing bed services and housework services. ... spective, Beauvoir says that women can be as active, silent and effective as men, and that women just wish men can handle maleness logic they have to. However, the situation created by the society and her family does not give her such an opportunity preferably she has to keep being useful preparing food, clothes and lodges. According to Beauvoir, a woman is always full of worries moreover she has nothing to do to change her position, she cries, complaints, and even threaten suicide but she cannot escape her lot. Beauvoir says that is the target of morality and that it is pointless trying to prove whether a woman as treated in the society is small or superior because the mans situations has been made infinitely preferable. She hold that for a woman she has no way out than to always work for her liberation. In Chapter 4 The Lesbian Beauvoir describes sexual relations with a woman. She holds that though the society is a forbidden path for women, they are finding their way out through such acts as lesbian, and homosexuals. Beauvoirs life story is a true reflection of the misconceptions wide held by the society about women. It mirrors the troubles we as women are made to go through as we argue through life experiences to get to our destined career goals. As a victim of women mistreatment, my struggles to get to where I am today and the challenges accompanying such struggles are immense. Growing up is a men reign society, my position was well defined. In a family of two boys and two girls, and as the eldest girl in the family, I had to spend intimately of my years under the watchful eye of my mother. This meant that I spend most of my time learni ng how to cook and how to clean the house and wash my sisters and brothers clothes. Just like

Human Developmental Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Human Developmental Theories - Essay ExamplePsychological researchers have greatly investigated all the attributed of human life that lead to nurture and development of human psychology. As a result, variant theories have been originated such as reductionism, meditational, determinism, contextualism etc. Psychologists have divided such theories into authoritative categories (Barkway 2009, p. 21). Determinism is a a priori approach for psychologists to evaluate human psychology which is resolute over the time in connection to the outgoing experiences. Psychologists evaluate human psychology by viewing the past history of child. Sigmund Freud suggested that there are certain patterns that could be studied while implementing the theory of determinism (Barkway 2009, p. 21). Such aspects include parental history because it greatly affects a childs development in the period of adolescence. Parent history has a lot in relation with the child development as parents tend to be responsible of child nurture lick in every society. Secondly, the history of behaviour could be a very important aspect in understanding human psychological development (Barkway 2009, p. 22). Medical implication of deterministic theory on wellness care practice is the most effective way to help patients. Deterministic theory can be applied on children as it studies the events that took place in the life of a child. Certain questions could be easy answered with the implication of deterministic approach for health care practice.

Geopolitics of the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Geopolitics of the Middle East - Essay ExampleThe transportation of many tanks of oil and the importation of goods involve by individuals in the voices shows the significance of its waterways. The widespread coastlines evident in the Persian disconnection make lay off shipping. This oil-producing region can affect the financial systems of the countries that import oil from it (Zalloi, 2008). This is because the Persian Gulf can duck the prices and quantities of the oil and gases they export. For instance, the US financial system can be affected since the state heavily relies on the energy produced in the Persian Gulf (Zalloi, 2008).Based on the largest percentage of oil reserves in the region, it ordain still enjoy special consideration (Popiden 2011). This is because the current development in the world has change magnitude energy consumptions. After a few decades, some of the oil producing regions except the Persian Gulf allow cease to produce oil. For instance, United Sta tes is the largest energy consumer globally, and after a few years, its oil production will decrease (Popiden 2011). On the contrary, the oil production and exports will increase in the Persian Gulf, and this has made the region acquire special significance in the United States international policy. Hence, the oil reserves in the Persian Gulf are connected with the interests and control of the United States (Zalloi, 2008).Apart from the United States, other developed states equal Europe, Japan, and China have invested in the region. This is to enjoy the economic progress of the region (Popiden, 2011). Additionally, they have invested recover the bullion used to buy oil. The dependence on oil by these developed countries makes Americans interested in peremptory the oil exports in the region. Because of its strategic geographical position and its abundant resources, the region has become part of the US national security interest. For example, after the Second World War, the intenti on of the US has been to dominate the Persian Gulf by controlling

Marriage and family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Marriage and family - Essay ExampleIndeed, the pain of a bereaved would non heal overnight. It takes a lot of time and courage some may take months while others holdup for years to cope up with their loss. But what is important is to try to look at life on a different perspective, and that means moving on. According to experts, the best way to cope up with sorrowfulness is to connect with other people knowing that there are people who understand and care for you may lessen the pain. Oftentimes, when the pain is taking time to heal, it is advisable to go to a therapist they can function a bereaved surpass intense emotions. In the case of therapists, the challenge is non to treat patients and allow them to let loose of their burdens. For children who lost their parents, the goal is to inculcate in them that moving on does not mean detaching and forgetting rather accepting and starting a new life and commitment in deuce different worlds. It is also referred by Carol Crandall in h er book, In a Time to Grieve Mediations for heal after the Death of a Loved One (1994) as You dont heal from the loss of a love one because time passes you heal because of what you do with the time.

You are an Investment Analyst Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

You argon an Investment Analyst - Essay Example amazon is an American Multinational electronic company and it is the largest online retailers dealing in a variety of products. The company was started in 1994 by Jeff Bezo and it has its headquarters in Seattle, Washington in the US. The company exists in the internet and online retailing industry. The company underwent a rebranding in 1995 when it got renamed to Amazon.com from Amazon River. It started its operations with the main objective of offering online books and it diversified its operations later on (BELEW, 2011).Among its original products we fox books sold alongside CDs, MP3 downloads, DVDs, video games and a variety of software. In addition to the above, the company later on started dealing in furniture, food stuff, electronics, toys as well as jewelry. Generally, the company provides consumer electronics such as the amazon kindle e-book reader. The products it provides therefore include IMDb, LoveFilm, The Book Depositor y, Zappos.com, Woot, Junglee.com, Amazon Studios, Amazon Web Services, Audible.com, dpreview.com, Endless.com, A2Z Development, A9.com, Alexa Internet, Amazon.com, and Amazon Kindle.The company targets the reality market with its main consumers being, students at all levels of studies, corporates such the universities, as well as researchers. To widen their furnish chain, Amazon targets major suppliers such as top publishers, manufacturers of books, together with researchers and universities. They also coordinate with manufacturers who are problematic in the production of other items.Under the leadership of the company steered by Jeff, the company stresses on the principles of node obsession, hiring and developing the best, insistence on very high quality, aspect of thinking big, vocally self-critical, invention and decrease as well as delivery of results. These leadership principles apply to everyone in the company irrespective of whether they are

Observation of the day in court Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Observation of the day in court - Essay ExampleShe was careful to ensure that the criminate understood his rights and consequences of his positions in the case. In addition to considering legal aspects of the case, the judge was considerate to the accused social issues, and appeared permissive in her directions and judgment. The case was criminal, with Robert tweed, as the accused and the nature case type identifies the state, represented by the prosecutor, as the other party to the case. In such a case, the burden of proof lies with the prosecutor, who is expected to prove a case beyond reasonable doubt.White was a 35-year old African American from Alabama. He had tierce children the eldest being 19 years, a nine year old followed this, and the youngest was 6 months old. White was get hitched with and his wife sat next to him. We walked in when he was talking to his attorney, a female, after which he utter he would plead punishable of the incriminates pressed against him. It is most probable that his attorney advised him to plead guilty for plea-bargaining (Scheb & Scheb II 161), or evidence against him could have been overwhelm.White was accused of possession and trade in cocaine, with which he was arrested on August 27, 2013. Undercover officers in Boston common arrested him as he was trying to move cocaine, worth $ 40, to Cathreen Johnson, an undercover. At the time of his arrest, he was in possession of $ 330, in cash, three cell phones, and a knife. He, therefore, faced charges of unlawful distribution of underlined class B substance (cocaine) and possessing a dangerous weapon (knife). The overwhelming evidence, which also showed witness competence, explains the guilty plea.The judge also demonstrated competence, by ascertaining that White was sure of the charge to which he pleaded guilty, and White affirmed this, respectfully. In addition, the judge also ensured that White was aware of his rights at trial, and she reminded White of consequences of personal testimony, such as forfeited right

Health Sciences - Pre Diabetes Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Health Sciences - Pre Diabetes - Essay representativeThis condition is in any case known as the borderline, this is in the sense that the individual shows neither the presence of diabetes nor absence seizure of diabetes. In the food substances that we consume, there are elements of glucose. The glucose levels in the channel are checked by other hormone in the blood called insulin. Insulin is responsible for converting the excess gelt (glucose) in the blood to glycogen (Gottlieb, 2004). The uniform happens when the luggage compartment experiences low blood sugar level in which the stored glycogen is discharged back into the blood to elevate the sugar level to normalcy. Diabetes or pre-diabetes condition arises when insulin is non produced in the right quantities in the body or when the insulin effectiveness is hampered and does not function fully (Gottlieb, 2004). The pre diabetes condition does not conform to all the conditions and factors that pass off to the conclusion that an individual is diabetic or not. With regard to this, those diagnosed with pre-diabetes condition are at higher risks of not only developing diabetes type II but also some other related cardiovascular condition (Metcalf & Metcalf, 2008). The condition of pre-diabetes is also referred to as grey area. In America, this condition has been surveyed among the citizens and the prevalence and relative incidence noted, to some extent it has been referred to as an epidemic. It affects almost 57 million people in America (Metcalf, & Metcalf, 2008). The phylogeny of the pre-diabetes condition is largely attributed to some of the modus vivendi, hence, referred to as lifestyle condition. The life style conditions include the kind of nutrition we consume - if the diet is having too much glucose it translates, then that there will be more sugar being discharged in blood requiring much more efficient way of conversion to glycogen (Metcalf & Metcalf, 2008). Sedentary lifestyle is also a recipe for the development of the condition. Leading a sedentary lifestyle indicates that not much energy is used for respiration, thus, there is accumulation of the glucose in the body and can promote the development of the condition. Too much consumption of alcohol also damages the liver making it uneffective in the production of insulin, a substance that is requires for the conversion of the excess glucose in blood to glycogen (Metcalf & Metcalf, 2008). Tests for observe pre Diabetes observe of the condition is essential for people who have developed pre-diabetes condition have to attend a regular monitoring test of their blood sugar to ensure that the critical condition is not hit. Monitoring of the blood sugar can be done in several ways first of all, HbA1c (A1C or glycosylated hemoglobin test), when this test is run, the level of the blood sugar is noted in a snapshot and the preoccupation of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) denotes the level of blood sugar in the body (Gregg, Ca llaghan & Hayes 2007, 123). Home monitoring is also available and it seems to be the cheapest, the only problem is how to categorize the extent of blood sugar whether high or low. The results of the home test are to be discussed with a physician for further insightful recommendations. Benefits of exercise in the prevention of pre-diabetes Involving in the exercise daily is helpful in the burning calories, when the calories are burned, the concentration of glucose in the blood is reduces. The effect of exercise in relation to diabetes type II has been studied and the findings have it that 58% of those who shows pre-diabetes do

Advanced Internet Development Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Advanced Internet Development - Essay ExampleThe next step after acquiring people to the page is a means of converting and keeping them for long time as customers in army to get value from them. After the electronic networksite has captured their real customers, it should now come up with a means of retaining them in the website by making them come back even with visitors. There should be potential in doing all these to ensure the website is successful (Read, 2001).Web applications and websites in the recent world come to be the most customary tool that businesses and organizations like to connect with their customers, users, and prospects (Welling and Thomson, 2008). Attacks can occur in these web applications due certain security system measure flaws. These beleaguers can harm the business by exposing sensitive data of the customers and the business, steal customers information and finally ruin the business reputation. Recent studies conducted showed that over 70% of all we b applications are indefensible to security flaws. Most of security flaws occur in the PHP coding (Standing, 2000). Attacks that may occur in web applications include Remote code execution, SQL injection, Format string vulnerabilities, Cross Site Scripting, and Username enumeration. These attacks occur due to fairly poor programming approach. It is therefore important for web developers and designers to have knowledge on these attacks. These attacks results from factors discussed below.Remote law Execution is where any desired information is retrieved from the web application. This is done when the aggressor runs system code on the vulnerable server. The attacker access information and may go undiscovered by the web administrators (Weber, 2004). The attacker may also include any arbitrary files on the web application. An example of such attack is carried when an attack executes such an exploit code. SQL Injection is considered an old approach in web application security but it is still popular with the attackers. Here the attacker retrieves crucial and

Marketing And Cultural Awareness Of Korea Essay Example for Free

Marketing And Cultural Aw beness Of Korea EssayKorea is a country which is situated in cardinal of the most strategic atomic number 18a of the homos. It positi stard in an environ mentally conducive which argon compatible most activities which go on daily basis. There are wide approvals which are received from the diverse changes of environments. The country receives twain seasons of hot and warm climatic conditions. This provides opportunities to carries out different activities at different period of the year. The activities range from rustic based work which includes fishing and land cultivations to tourisms. Agricultural chores are not eminently carried out indoors the country as the rains are not often reliable.However, there are vast rich lands which introduce wide variety of agricultural products. Such land which lies to the southern parts of the prestigious state. The pot gain real the uniqueness adoption to accommodate the various foods stuffs richly comprisin g of the fruit. These are adequately endowed with scent which they really enjoy during the hot periods of the day especially in the lunch second time. This is certain to the full juicy sweetness of the fruit is bluely enjoyed by the inhabitant. These and other factors found Korea a metropolitans place for which cannot be everywherelooked on rapid business operations prospering from one level to any. (Gerson, 1995)Many deal from allover may critically puzzle negativity of the past situations which the Korea country has been devastated by war. But to the new-made surprise is that the country is emerging to be the most attractive for investments. Like umteen another(prenominal) English men admit said in the past many years, it can also be repeated by the new generations in existence that let bygones be bygones.The new era of the Koreans has come which is transforming the countrys economic from its dismal grounds the leading level. Thus is seen as it is going to match with t he most developed countries which for a more than ten decades has been mocked and blasphemed by the world over. As it is observed from the current research on the economics fields, the Koreans haves advanced within the past half century, making the country to achieve the fasted economic proceeds in the world.This is achieved after having risen from the poorest worlds countries to developed country. This is an extraordinary nurture which cannot be achieved by the singled country efforts on the internally produced products. The increase in productivity of a state or systems encompasses many factors. Some of the factors are internally attri only ifed while others are externally contributed. The internally factors which are more primal have contributed to this extraordinary emergency of the Koreans growth. It is observed that the moment peace fades away from one point of topographic point it is replaced with the malevolence which brings in destruction and havoc.There is also a reve rse change of the same trends that when enmity clears off tit is replaced by peaces. Unsubtly the Koreans have discovered this secrecy and this has led the country to greater highschool of peace people. The fruits of it are now forming the centre of rejoicing for the people are in sheer independence country. This restored peace is not only being a amazing blessing to the Korean sect but it is a relinquish of agony to the neighboring states as it formed a metropolitans place for many. Among the main advantaged are these indigenous citizens of the closely related people from the china state who for have been their key in the common development in the Asian continent.Its said that a character is built from the people of whom person associates with. It seems that the Koreans are much matching themselves with the highest flying countries to achieve global recognitions. The country has developed goods relations with the people from many countries for which it is seen to maintain close rs relationship with those states which have higher market demand likes china and Japan. These are some(a) of the most renowned countries which have also developed from such(prenominal) impoverished state to world categorise recognized world power. It is therefore the believes of most citizens hailing from Korea that the same unfastened countries focus to entertain and attract many investors, the country will be a worlds in development as well as worlds largest market.The efforts of doing so are very eminent which are not limited to private and frequent organization together with the ruling government. The government has relentlessly been vigilant on many area interested with the thriving of the economy growth both internally and externally. The effort for this has created a challenge in growth new infrastructures within the various point of developing. It is evidence that the government has initiated the one of the vast area for the development of logistics infrastructure.This are mostly designated development place for the provision of free economics zone. Such an opportunity has been astray applause both by the Koreans and even by the core and feeble Koreans relatives. The cloth has been cut to fall those who are craving for the trading chance to amaze the other countries which are dragging slowly in development. This is therefore highly an inevitable opportunity which the whole Korean community has confidence that a bevy of investors will definitely enough. (Bangs, 1990)The provisions which the Koreans are using are not limited to high competitory industrial structures. Many companies are coming up with minimum restriction the trade policy departments and ministries. This has given up room for set up huge industries which produces various products. Some having substitute and competing products while others have monopolized productions collectible to lack new investor. The monopolized scheme debated own day by day. This has leads to the government to invent the new systems of offer the free economic zone where investments are encouraged to take place especially the monopolized products manufacturing companies.This include companies such those involved in the shipbuilding, automobiles and the electronics devices which are rarely available to the local markets. After considering the needs of citizens especially the youth, the governments have reduced dramatically the taxes on these products. They further providing subsides to the companies so that low priced products are realized in the marketing. The efforts are not only for the provision of low priced products, but they are also geared at high production. This is being achieved by the provision of training course at low costs to the youth who are interested in learning the new sort of technologies. It is estimated that the introduction of this program more fours hundred thousands youngsters have been trained.These are new people who can invent and even news methods for the development of standards. The high universe of discourse of the country is providing surprising cheap labor which is readily available in the main central business. This allows the investor to stingily produce the products with highly motivated and industrious Korean workforce. This spirit of the Koreans has an exciting significance influence over the major manufacturing sectors. Generally, such spirited individuals and effortless campaigns by the rulers are seen highly reduced prices which are large-minded the other world class international traders a very stiff competitive conditions. (Kishel, 2000)The most tricking factors which make Korea highly success state is the strategic positions in which it holds. The country being situated in open of the major economic bloc, it has more than fifty one cities which hold a population exceeding one million people. The good relationship of the Koreans people makes them trade widely with the people from Seoul which is just 3.5 hour flight. Since there is even greater populations in the territories of the Seoul city, which holds more than 700 millions peoples living within a roentgen of 1200 km, these are ready markets in which fast goods are rushed for sale.The greater population of the people which indorse now excedsing the productivity capacity is creating pressure on the resources available. This is calling for the rapid changes on the productions systems which will alter the country continue to expansion its commodities to its markets. The goods have ready markets in added advantages to the investors who would continues to captures the intended reduction cost of driveway and air transports costs. This forms extra effort for the Koreans to introduce the high communication networks. Such is the dreams of having global power augury which will transform the countries within the shortest period of time. (Withers, 1990)ReferenceWithers, J. (1990) Marketing Your Service Business Self counsellor Press.Kishel, G. (2 000) Build Your Own Network Sales Business John Wiley Sons, Inc.Bangs, D. (1990) The Market Planning Guide young Publishing Co.Gerson, R. (1995) Measuring Customer Satisfaction Crisp Publications, Inc.

Miranda warnings Essay Example for Free

Miranda warnings EssayMiranda warnings were created to protect individuals and their rights against coercive or sinister questioning methods by police force officers from Miranda Warning.org(2013). Everyone has heard the you prevail water the right to remain silent speech, so on and so forth. These rights do non just apply to adults but juveniles as well. In the case of the untested boy who was arrested standing foreign someones home there be four issues that need to be addressed. To the new(a) officer I would address the situation as celebrates. So during your first arrest there were a few things that need to be addressed as to how it went about.When you were dispatched to the home burglary you approached a young boy outside the home. You arrested him. I would not suck up just arrested him. Asking him if he lived at the residence, his epoch, name or who his neighbors are could take up given you a good idea if he belonged there. As it seems also without utterance to him until you came to the police send realizing he did not speak side. According to E-how (2013), in order to arrest someone you essential have probable ca hold. You had no picture or probable cause to believe this boy had eitherthing to do with a past, current or future crime to be committed. It was never indicated the boy had any weapons or tools to access the home. Without probable cause or evidence any kind of information or statements from the boy would not be allowed in a prosecution case.The next issue was that you arrested the boy whom you heretofore have no name or age for and took him to the station without unclutter the scene. Protocol for these types of situations is that once either an timidity system is set off or even dispatched from a concerned citizen call you always make sure the home is secure. If that means calling for backup then do so. You secure the person in the squad car, wait for backup and check to see if anyone is home. Check the doors, windows or basement access to tick nothing is, isnt broken or open. If something is accessible you announce yourself, make en analyze and clear it for any former(a) suspects. If dispatch is able to contact alarm company or homeowners you wait until they arrive from Protection1 (2013). You do not know if that boy was a lookout or the 3burglar. If he was the lookout, the other accomplice got away. Or the other person could remain in the house continuing to burglarize and could run into the homeowner. This creates a unreliable situation for each person that we do not need for it could cost lives.When the two of you arrived at the station you could see that the boy did not understand English because you tried to question him. You did know and understand to take away the rights to him but failed to appropriate any type of help with a translator. According to Fox News Latino (2013), a court ruled that Miranda Rights were to be fill in the accused first native language. You could have reque sted to use an occupation from a cell or internet source. You also could have asked to try to locate someone who speaks his language (mandarin).Nothing was done to find a way to translate the warning to get an understanding of the situation.The last issue with the Miranda warnings is that once the family member who came for the boy who spoke English no Miranda Rights were read to either of them. Getting the family member to translate, give information such as a name and age of the boy could be crucial also. You did not read either of them rights or asked if they understood what their rights were before speaking to the family member on behalf of the boy. So this comes back to any information given will not be able to be used in court. The case was handed over to a follow up investigator. Supreme Court (2013) ruled that Under federal law, a suspect taken into custody mustiness be read his or herMiranda rights by law enforcement. Certain uses of restraint handcuffs, a prolonged int errogation, real surroundings add up to custody. How do you think the prosecution will be able to use any information given if you didnt read them their rights?These issues could have been resolved by following home burglary protocol. Checking, clearing the scene for safety issues, hazards or other people. Secondly when going to arrest someone you must follow the law that in regards to probable cause. There must be intent or physical evidence of a crime 4going to be or already committed. Make sure you have this key element and when in doubt ask for advise. Thirdly it is a federal law to read a suspect his rights before any type of questioning. Failing to do so can leave behind in dismissal of the case and all charges dropped. Even if the boy is a juvenile his rights must still be read if in custody. You arrested him and brought him to the station, hes in custody. Lastly when having an issue of translation with someone who doesnt speak English contact a higher up to see what shoul d be done. You could have tried using an application on a cell phone or internet source to translate his words and yours. victimisation the family member is a risky chance because they could tell them or you wrong to get the issue dropped. It could crest the investigation in the wrong direction. Letting it slide will not help the situation any nor a possible case against the boy. When ever in doubt reach out for help or advise from another officer, investigator or supervisor.5ReferencesArrested without Probable Cause Laws (2013). Retrieved fromhttp//www.ehow.com/list_6806016_arrested-probable-cause-laws.html Fox News Latino (2013). Court Rules Miranda Rights Must be given in Correct Spanish. Retrievedfrom http//latino.foxnews.com/latino/news/2013/07/16/court-rules-miranda-rights-must-be-given-in-correct-spanish/ or http//www.us-english.org/view/124How Do Police Respond to a Burglary (2013). Retrieved fromhttp//homesecurity.protection1.com/police-respond-burglary/Miranda Warning Fa cts (2013). Retrieved fromhttp//www.mirandawarning.org/mirandawarningfaq.htmlSupreme Court Rules Against NC in novel Miranda Rights (2011). Retrieved fromhttp//www.mcclatchydc.com/2011/06/16/115919/supreme-court-rules-against-nc.html.UjYT9MPD_IU

The Impact of Human Rights Violations on Refugee Women Essay Example for Free

The Impact of Human Rights Violations on Refugee Women EssayThe global concern about the up estimables of women has been rapidly gaining attention from graduate(prenominal)er authorities. Since the end of the World struggle II, the issue pertaining to this has received significant development until the millennium era. The head start among the organization that concentrated on the protagonism of the womens rights was the Commission of the Status of Women, which was established in 1948 in order to promote womens right and equality followed by the International Womens Decade in 1976 to 1985 (Beyani, p. 29) dedicated to the promotion of womens right as human rights..In the same way, the coupled Nations had conducted several conferences to verbalise the problem of human rights encroachments perpetrate on women worldwide as well as to outline legal trends that could help minimize abandon on women and to advance the cause of women special(prenominal) aloney the refugee women . Spearheaded by the United Nation, the conferences composed of loose coalition of groups and undivideds worldwide, they launched a petition in 1991 calling on the Vienna to comprehensively address womens human rights.These campaigns were so successful that womens right gained recognition in both the UN documents and treatises including the adoption of a UN declaration of on the Elimination of Violence against women. Cases of human rights violations among refugee women argon ubiquitous because these people ar exposed to numerous threats during all phases of the dislocation or dis interjectment period Displacement period among women simply refers to their loss of jobs by either war or domestic violence. Their experiences while at the camp leave horny and physical affect on them, which in many cases combat injurytic that cause major changes in their lives. Likewise, those organizations have identified specific exploitations done on women including refugee women, which have the worst cases of human rights violations all over the world. Among the recognized forms of abuses atomic number 18 disgrace, inner abuse, familiar extortion, and physical injury as outlined by the United Nation.These abuses are rampant regardless of their geographical limitation abuses are inflicted to many women in refugee camps around the globe most particularly in countries like Yugoslavia, Rwanda, Somalia, and many Asian nations. The human rights of these refugee women receive less considerable attention unlike their virile counterpart or the human rights abuses among men., because in the first place, their interests have not sufficiently represented in the outside(a)ist body.Stedman and Tanner cited the definition of refugee from African Unity Refugee Convention in 1974, which he stated as,every person who, owing to external aggression, occupation, foreign domination or events seriously move public order in either part or whole of his country of origin or nationality, is compelled to leave his place of habitual residence in order to seek refugee in anformer(a) place outside his country of origin or nationality (p. 139). Refugees are people who seek international aegis for business organisation of persecution, civil war, or strife, abuses of human rights, and another(prenominal) reasons in their own country because their own country failed to leave that for them (Tarner, 139). Nowadays, the process of seeking refuge or asylum is under an obligation and/or activity of United Nations with the assistance from United States of America and other participating countries. The reported cases of refugee prepared by United States direction for Refugees in 2003 are approximately less than ten million (Martin, p. 3) and the majority of these people are from the least developed countries such as Bangladish, which are mostly women and tiddlerren.However, the irony here is that, the refugees who are after for tax shelter have stumbled upon worst exploitat ions in the country they chose to settle. Refugee women are defenseless in terms of abuse by people in the government and sometimes by rebellious groups. There are situationors that can farm the relationship of refugee flows with tender, cultural, and political chaos in the decree. Doreen Marie Indra stated that it becomes clear that in many cases these experiences are grounded in politics (p. 326). Women become the subject of persecution at some occasion because they refuse to oblige with or they better social mores. Indra explained that because these women oppose the dictates of a political or religious system they are gendered punishment for violation of particular social norms (p. 326).In other words, even the prevailing social and religious system was oppressive in nature to the womens right and they punished for disobeying even the simplest dress code (Indra, p. 328). Michael Penn and Rahel Nardos saw the angle of discrepancy of society to women as another ground for hum an rights violation of refugee women. Violence against women according to him is a manifestation of historically unequal power relations between men and womenand that it is one of the crucial social mechanisms by which women are forced into a subordinate position compared with men (p. 182). Likewise, those women in refugee camps and minority groups are under fire(predicate) to violence according to him. This concept prompts men to take advantage of women in refugee camps because of the idea that women are property of men. On the other hand, Erin Baines believed that problem pertaining to refugee crisis has something to do with the cultural differences among individual groups (p. 32). Stedman and Tanner (2003) described the nexus of refugee flows asThe result of the failure of the international system to prevent, deter, or terminate gross violations from failure to hold governments that are guilty of gross violations responsible for the floods of refugees they unleash from failur e to assume political accountability for refugee situations that threaten international peace and security from failure to assume political responsibility to prevent violations that unleash refugee floods, and collective responsibility to guarantee remedies, including temporary security measure or resettlement (p. 155). Accordingly, refugees continue to contribute from exploitation simply because the international political system fails to recognize its collective responsibility in this issue, at least to place individual rights at the top of the normative deliberation in refugee catastrophes.(yes its mine.) It means that obviously the rights of individual refugee women were someways neglected, although in general, there efforts to combat human rights abuses.The relocation itself causes difficulty to refugees especially in adjusting oneself to current culture, language, and society. nearly of them rely on donation from non-government organization, which does not sufficiently sus tain the needs of the family. Though they wish to endure on their own, they find difficulty gaining access to important services such as income-generating projects and educational programs, Indra famed that women in many countries Are denied education, access to profession, or paid work (p. 326) which are important elements to expect the need of the family especially in the absence of the husband.Due to this problem, many of them suffer financial complexity and emotional focusing. Meyer and Prugl noted that refugee women cannot enjoy the social services or art opportunities or be protected in accordance with the UN High Commissioner for refugee UNHCR policies since most of them rely on their husbands document and this resulted to great stress among them as they seek help from the authorities such as the United Nations (p. 250). These people are liable(predicate) to experience poverty, illiteracy, encounter conflicts within refugee population, domestic violence, and intimate to rture.Poverty is one major problem of the refugees. They are need of adequate food and safe drinking water that lead to high rates of child mortality and relatively poor health. Cole, Espin, and Rothblum reported that most refugees live in unsanitary conditions where epidemics and disease are common, water supplies are contaminated, and food resources are insufficient (p. 65). In a report made by the United States familiar Accounting Office (GAO) narrated that women are often reduced to exchanging sex for otherwise untouchable food and nonfood items such as clothing, shelter materials, and cooking items (p. 25).Girls in the refugee camps have little opportunity to come education because families do not have funds for school fees, uniform, books, and others. Lack of education worsens their condition because this limits the employment chances of women and youth in the future.Many refugees encounter conflicts within the refugee population because of major ethnic groups or political factions. Martin noted that the conflicts among the refugees affect the participation in decision making of the representatives of different groups that hinder possible effect to their problem (p. 18).Domestic violence on women in the refugee camp occurs because male family members are away, or sometimes killed. According to the report of Human Rights Watch Staff, the levels of domestic violence could also be high in refugee setting. For instance, in the Human Rights Watchs report of the Burundian refugee camps in 1998, they had recorded relatively high incidence of domestic violence committed on women, which occurred inside or outside refugee camps by hiatus workers (p. 487). This group acknowledged this problem as something largely unrecognised and the perpetrators enjoyed free movement in the camps (p. 487). cozy torture somehow is different from domestic violence. Martin specifically identified these tortures as something inflicted on the victims in an brute(prenominal) man ner. informal torture is in form of either heterosexual or homosexual break the rape of women by the use of specially trained dogs or forced witnessing of unnatural sexual relations, and many other forms (Martin, p. 33). Basically, torture causes much severe emotional impact on its victims both physically and psychologically, because of the nature it is existence carried out.which Martin describe as inhumane, cruel and degrading punishment or discourse (p. 33)Aside from health and protection problems, women in the refugee camps are likely to suffer additional problems due to their gender. According to Cole, Espin and Rothblum, women and girls are vulnerable to sexual violence in which rape is a common experience for them (p. 65). Rape is the most frightening and mortify experience for the refugee women this is the most traumatic actually that many of them already committed suicide. (Espin and Rothlblum, p. 69) The raping of refugee women is unusually brutal they are gang raped or raped repeatedly often for days at a time. Refugee womens experience while at camp produces both physical and emotional impact on them. First, they suffer from emotional trauma leaving them alone to confront the issue. Cole, et.al., explained that for Asian and African women, being a rape victim is considered ruined because their culture values virginity is synonymous with purity (p. 69). As a result, they feel they fall asleep all value in society and are rejected by their families. Rape for Islam, Buddhist, and Taoist is associated with karma or punishment for the sin they have committed. then, most of these women are unwilling to disclose the issue to others, in turn, their port show psychosomatic symptoms of these experiences.Theilade LD. Explained that sexual dysfunction is possible to occur if a person has experienced sexual torture or non-sexual, physical, or non-physical torture. He further stated that this problem is seen in up to 51 percent of torture victims (par. 1). However, the development of sexual dysfunction may occur largely to people who suffered from sexual torture. Sexual dysfunction could also be attributed to post traumatic stress disorder.(This info. came from Pubmed.www.pubmed.govKemp and Rasbridge mentioned about Post traumatic Stress Disorder by refugee women as a result of stress, physical or sexual torture, and trauma (p. 74). Women who had been in this traumatic experience said that they avoided going out yet, due to their family responsibility, they had to force themselves to continue with nonchalant activities. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder could be obtained if the person has previous anxiety disorder and other factor such as early childhood trauma or head injuries that may elicitation the problem. Generally, refugees suffer from mental health problem like flash backs and dreams and intense guilt or peevishness and the percentage is almost sixty-five percent, which lasted for many years especially when they do not rec eive treatment and support from family members. Moreover, these women are likely to sustain physical injuries. Others contract venereal disease or sexually transmitted diseases. Some became pregnant after the rape. Indeed, women are not only victims of general violence and the lack of health care, they also contending issues unambiguous to their biology and social status. However, despite of predicaments faces by refugee women, Florence Howe (1996) noted that refuge and displaced migrant women are likely to endure any situation.Howe Asserted, Refugee, displaced and migrant women in most cases display strength, endurance and resource and can contribute positively to countries of resettlement or to their origin on their return (Howe, p. 213). Howe pointed out these women should be appropriately involved in decisions that affect them and their future, since it cannot be denied that women make significant but frequently unrecognized role as educators both in their families and their so cieties as Anthony Redmond noted (2006) women will often be the first to deny themselves in favor of others, particularly children or male partners (Redmond, p. 21)Conclusion As some authors pointed out, the international human rights and the United Nations has done enough to protect human rights particularly of the refugee women. But is a fact that abuses on women continues to dominate in many countries in the world particularly in refugee centers. Perhaps this social stigma can be attributed to the two of the most pressing problems of the society ever since, Poverty and discrimination. Thus no matter how many laws are legislated to protect women from abuses, or no matter how far is the international effort or even the United Nations effort to provide necessary protection for womens right, these abuses on women will continue to persist unless the fundamental sources of the problems are addressed, although this problem maybe is as old as human civilization it self. Authorities there fore must not only present at the crime or run after the offenders but they should also consider the situations involve and touch evidences relating the crimes to the problems mentioned and suggest possible solution to the problems to law making body.The United Nations and all international effort on combating abuses on women must also pay attention to this problem, and try to realign some of their resources to help address the two problems mentioned earlier, along with intensified efforts of the law enforcement to run after the criminal offenders to put them behind bars. increase efforts of both the international body and law enforcements agencies against the offenders and social problems may not completely erased this disease of the society but it certainly will help curb the problem.Work CitedBaines, E.K. Vulnerable Bodies Gender, the Un and the Global Refugee Crisis. ground forcesAshgate Publishing, Ltd., 2004.Beyani, Chaloka. The take of Refugee Women A Human Rights Perspe ctive.Women and Rights. Ed. Sweetman, Caroline. UK Oxfam, 1995.Cole, E., Espin, O., Rothblum, E. Refugee Women and their Mental Health Shattered Societies, Shattered Lives. USA Haworth Press, 1992.Howe, F. Beijing and Beyond Toward the 20 First-First Century of Women Includes the Complete Text of the Plattform for Action. USA Florence Howe Graduate School and University Center, 1996.Human Rights Watch World overcompensate 1999. New York Human Rights Watch, 1998.Humanitarian Assistance Protecting Refugee Women and Girls Remains a SignificantChallenge. United States General Accounting Office. May 2003. http//books.google.com/books?id=WHZdHdprBWgCprintsec=frontcoversource=gbs_summary_rPPP1,M1Indra, D.M. Engendering Forced Migration Theory and Practice. USA BerghahnBooks.Kemp, C. Rasbridge, L.A. Refugee and Immigrant Health A Handbook for Health Professionals, UK Cambridge University Press, 2004.Martin, S. F. Refugee Women. USA Lexington Books, 2004.Meyer, M.K. Prugl, E. Gender Pol itics in Global Governance. USA Rowman Littlefield Publishing, Inc., 1999.Penn, M.L. Nardos, R. Overcoming Violence Against Women and Girls The International Campaign to Eradicate a Worldwide Problem. USA Rowman Littlefield Publishers, Inc., 2003.Redmond, A. ABC of Conflict and Disaster. UK Blackwell Publishing, 2006.Stedman, S. J. Tanner, F. Refugee Manipulation War, Politics, and the Abuse of Human Suffering. USA Brookings Institution Press, 2003.Theilade, LD. Sexual Dysfunction in Torture Victims. PubMed. 2002 Oct. http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12407879?ordinalpos=1itool=EntrezSystem2.PEntrez.Pubmed.Pubmed_ResultsPanel.Pubmed_RVAbstractPlusDrugs1

Give Me a Free

chip in Me a Free Essay EssayWhen composing the Constitution in 1789, the Founding Fathers were anxious to examine that the executive branch of the new republic was to be subordinate to the peoples representation, the social intercourse. They achieved this through the Separation of Powers, a speculation of government thought up by the French philosopher Montesquieu to prevent over-mighty or tyrannical government.The elaborate dodge of checks and balances introduced greatly reduced the traditional authority of the executive, leaving some to argue that U.S. electric chairs have been left with very(prenominal) little violence, if only the power of persuasion. However to what extent is this true? Theodore Roosevelt famously stated that he was two king and prime minister, even though other professorships, such as Johnson and Truman have upset the weakness of the presidency. The argument that presidents have only the power to persuade can be seen in umteen of the formal po wers of the president laid out in Article II of the Constitution.This can perhaps scoop out be seen in his powers of nomination, some(prenominal) for federal judges and executive branch officials. The president has only the power to suggest appointments to these positions the final confirmation of the presidents choice lies with Congress. This will sometimes mean lengthy negotiations between the branches of government, with the president using his pork barrel in an attempt to win over Senators. In 1987, Reagans nomination of Robert Bork was rejected by a Senate vote of 42 to 58, resulting in embarrassment for both the president and his nominee.Reagan was unable to do anything about this, other than to suggest a new nominee in the hope that they would be accepted instead. The presidents power of persuasion is also illustrated by his office as chief diplomat for the United States. In this position, he negotiates major treaties with foreign countries, such Carters Panama Canal conf ormity or Bush Snr. s Chemical Weapons Ban. Even so, it is the job of the Congress to contract the treaty it has no legal authority until it has been accepted by the Senate with a two-thirds majority.As such, the president can only persuade the Senate to accept it, arguing for its merits or using his limited access to patronage. For instance, the Treaty of Versailles drawn up President Wilson in the aftermath of the First World War was rejected by the Senate, resulting in America being unable to join the League of Nations, a pet-project of the President. Later in the C20th, the Senate refused to ratify a further six treaties, which presidents such as Eisenhower (1960) and Clinton (1999) had worked hard on the international stage to achieve.Similarly, the presidents powers to submit the annual budget and propose command both require Congressional doing if they be to have any authority. The presidents State of the Union address comprises key pieces of legislation which the preside nt would like to be introduced (such as more green jobs and banking regulations seen in Obamas 2010 address). However, this is meaningless unless they are introduced to and accepted by Congress, a process that requires the president to act tactfully using bipartisanship to persuade Congressmen and Senators to mention his proposals.

Section 176 Of Companies Act 1965 Essay Example for Free

Section 176 Of Companies act as 1965 EssayIn Malaysia companies Act 1965 (CA), is one of the vital statutes which govern and regulate the formation and operation of a club. All the sections in this statute govern each and every part of conjunction governance. In this case section 176 of Companies Act plays a very meaning(a) role on organisations and reconstruction of a confederation when the company intemperately burdened with debt. Financial crisis is the most dangerous and a serious disadvantage for a company, in much(prenominal) situations companies normally will use this cookery to escape and avoid liabilities against their creditors. This section allows the company to make arrangement and reconstruction where they can negotiate with the former(a) parties such as creditors regarding the debt they owe. Section 176(5) of CA, must be instruct together with section 176 (3) of CA, where this section stress that the rig make below subsection (3) is not sound until a co py of the utter order is given to the registrar and further after the order is lodged, the said order will carry a binding effect from the date of the order lodgment.On the other hand, if the tap find is reasonable than the court may determine any earlier date as specified in the order. This section fundamentally talks about the date and effectiveness of the notice which been hold by members and creditors as per subsection (3) of this provision.1 According to subsection (6), a copy of the order which made under subsection (3), must be put together or annexed with every single copy of the companys memorandum which is issued after the order made under subsection (3).2 In the event where the company does not have a memorandum, than the order should be annexed to all instruments constituting or defining the constitution of the company. This is primarily to give knowledge to a third party about the agreement between the company and the members or creditors. In this case the court ma y and have power to determine the period of time where the company shall comply to subsection (6).This can be seen in subsection (7) of the same provision.3 Any company function to follow subsection (6) will be guilty of an offence against subsection (9) of the same provision where punishment of RM 2,000.00 will be imposed.4 Section 176 (10) of CA, govern the power of court to view as proceedings.5 Here in this subsection, when thither is no resolution or arrangement is made by members and creditors with company, the court have power to restrain furtherproceedings in any action against the company. There are certain things the company has to do once the company obtains such order from the court. First, the company shall lodge a copy to Suruhanjaya Syarikat Malaysia (SSM). Second, the company should supply the obtained order in newspapers so that all the members and creditors of the company can know about the restrain order. branch (10A) says that the court may grant the restrain order for a period of not more than 90 days but there are quaternity situations where the courts can extent the period of the restrain order for good reason. Firstly, the court must be satisfied that there is a proposal for compromise or arrangement between the company and the creditors and the creditor who representing this must hold one half of the value of all creditors which is basically 50 percent. Secondly, the court must feel that the restraining order is important for the company and the creditors to make arrangements or end of compromise for the approval of the creditors. Thirdly, a statement in the prescribed form must be made before three days before of the application of the order. Fourthly, the court must approve a put forward person among the creditors to act as a director of the company.These four things must be satisfied by the court for the court to give extension of time for the restrain order.6 In the case of PECD Bhd Anor v. Merino-ODD Sdn Bhd Ors the court held that, for the court to grant the extension of time more than 90 days, the company should and must follow the entire four things which verbalise in subsection (10A) of section 176.7 About the good reasons, Justice Vincent Ng have stated that the word good reason in section 176(10A) of CA, refers to the applicants bona fide intention and action to make arrangement or scheme of compromise in the case of Metroplex Bhd Ors V Morgan Stanley Emerging Markets Inc.8Section 176 on the CA is in reality a sealed but not a sword. The intention of section 176 CA is actually to benefactor companies which face some serious financial problems and debts to the creditors. This provision is must be utilise by the companies to prohibit bankruptcy and as a chance to settle the debts to the creditors. However, some companies may misuse this section for their testify enjoyment or benefit which was not and never the intention of parliament for enacting this provision. When companies start to misu se this provision, the objective lens of this provision is misinterpretated. Thismisinterpretation can be said as one of the reason for financial crisis in 1997.Some companies may use these provisions to cheat the creditors of the company in this case the improper use of this section may lead to injustice to creditors. As a conclusion, section 176 of CA is very important provision which should be interpreted as per the original intention of the enactment. This provision is very helpful for the companies in financial difficulties and it will provide room for the companies to run their business and gain profit to overcome the debts. This provision also does not violate the rights of the creditors where by using this provision the company cannot escape the debt but only can obtain some time extension to repay it. This section must be used in a good manner so that the company and also the creditors do not held in injustice.

Analysis of Proverbs Essay Example for Free

compend of Proverbs EssayThese two selections illustrate the paternal relationship God has to humankind and focuses on the role develop plays in affirming that relationship. The evoke from Proverbs is direct in its message to the children of God. We argon supposed to sustain look into with a palpate of gratitude because it gives meaning to the act through its divine motive. Though the initial response to discipline may be to resent or even rebel from it, this musical passage tells us that the act of discipline should non be perceived as an oppressive force. Instead, His love is proven by His willingness to exact punishment for our deviance.The Hebrews passage delivers a more subtle message through its signifi suffertly more complex approach to the subject. here(predicate) discipline is understood through the conduit of punishment, and the more general concept of punishment is compared to the pain and suffering savior suffered as a blood give oneself up for human sin . When making the comparison between blood sacrifice and human punishment the promontory is clearly made what is considered pain by humans is relatively trivial. However, the point of this passage is not to demean the children of God. Instead, it addresses the love inherent in such punishment.Like the passage from Proverbs, the Hebrews excerpt is mean to point out the caring nature that is part of the discipline God exercises. Punishment is intended to elicit self-discipline in the melodic themes of Gods children so that the future crucibles in the road of an individuals unearthly life can be faced with assurance and equanimity. clear is often misunderstood in the formation of the spiritual life. besides often it is perceived as negative. This is understandable of course when we realize the development of self-discipline norm totallyy begins with an outer assertion of discipline.As such, an external force working against our inherent nature, we are liable to put up a fair amo unt of spiritual resistance. This resistance is most often manifested in our individual sense of pride. This pride is the first stumbling block we must overcome on our path to straight resignation to the learning ability of God. The pride we feel is intimately linked with our love of living life according to our own pleasures. Discipline, both in its external and internal manifestation, is a regulatory force that moderates this propensity for individual pride and indulgence. Discipline is a theory as much as it is a practice.The message of discipline is moral. Without the moral counseling provided by discipline and individual is free to follow a pleasure principle exclusive. Such a pursuit leads inevitably to an immersion in sinfulness and weak moral principle. However, discipline is not solely a restrictive force. It is also a transcendent one. By maintaining discipline we step closer to the spiritual goal of resignation to Gods will. The man or woman of true discipline is capabl e of walking in the path God sets before them because they have attained an intuitive understanding of spiritual faith.Paradoxically, the attainment of true discipline can netly become liberating, allowing the individual to feel comfortable amidst a wilderness of mercenary temptations. The inner security of a dependable moral compass allows a person to exercise a pious life without having to be continually reminded of prescribed morality. The true inner sense of what is sinful and clear becomes so intuitive in a spiritually disciplined person that walking the path of duty is a matter of character, not a matter of choice.The world of goodness will triumph in the mind of someone who understands the way to discipline is through seeking and embracing the rigors of a live lived well. The sterling(prenominal) model for discipline we have as Christians is in the life of Jesus. His resignation to the plan for him conceived in the mind of God is a metaphor for the acceptance we must all eventually come to in smart set to find spiritual peace. Like Jesus, we are placed into a narrative leading to some ultimate fulfillment. While we are not asked to assume a burden as dramatic as His, we are supposed to find a way to accept the challenges placed before us.His goal was to save all His children from the inherent stain of being human. Our goal is moreover to deal with our own confusion of how to be who we are with a sense of loving what is right. The spirit is a thin and airy thing, but it is not fragile. It waits to receive the nourishment only discipline can provide. The mindful attention to doing what is moral is that elusive quality that binds the sense to the body. This bond, once it is secured, is unbreakable. The body and spirit in accord is one of the strongest elements in the world, and one that remains get-at-able for anyone willing to invest the hard work it requires.Many people believe that discipline then is merely a means to achieving some ethereal re ward. However, this is an un honourable motive for infusing discipline into ones spiritual life. The only ethical reason for pursuing discipline is for its own rewards. Discipline must ultimately be its own iodine and self-satisfying goal. By expecting some final reward out of it, we are essentially undermining the self-denying principle of discipline itself. Discipline is the end in and of itself. To expect more than that is to falsify its attainment.

Edgar Allan Poe’s The Masque of the Red Death Essay Example for Free

Edgar Allan Poes The Masque of the rubicund demolition EssayEdgar Allan Poes before long horror tosh authorise The Masque of the reddened Death A Fantasy was published in Grahams Magazine in 1838, and talks around a plague that the main character, Prince Prospero, attempts to evade (Laurent 2003). He holds a masquerade ball, for each star in several(predicate) color, inside seven rooms in his abbey. On the different hand, Irvin Laytons horror (or suspense) poem entitled Rhine Boat send off was written in 1977 and talks about murdered rabbis and the ghosts of children in the events in Nazi Germany, especially those that occurred during the Holocaust (Rhine Boat Trip, n. d. ). These two texts atomic number 18 some(prenominal) horrific, but aside from be unalike in terms of the format and the length, both display contrasting perspectives in their artistic, textual frames. Poes short story and Laytons short poem display a suspense story yet, as a whole, they display different styles and time frames. While Poes style displays something that is currently happening and distinctively coverd, Layton displays angiotensin-converting enzyme that had al leady happened in the past and is ingestly described. Main Body The Masque of the Red Death by Edgar Allan PoeThis short story attempts to describe how a plague called the Red Death enters Prince Prosperos dominion, a prince who is being described as happy and dauntless and sagacious (Poe par. 2). The plague that has swept all over the land is horrifying. As described, Blood was its Avatar and its seal the redness and the horrors of bank line. in that location were sharp pains, and sudden dizziness, and then profuse hemorrhage at the pores, with dissolution. The scarlet stains upon the body and especially upon the face of the victim, were the pest ban which shut him out from the instigate and from the sympathy of his dischargeow-men.And the whole seizure, progress and termination of the disease, were the incidents of half an hour. (Poe par. 1) From this paragraph, Poe specifies how horrifying the plague is. The victim loses most of the blood within the body, which is the cause of sudden dizziness and dissolution. Poes use of blood is enough to consider the story appalling to the reader. Using pictures that signify awfulness and terror, Poe makes the story one that makes the reader horror-struck.However, the plague is said to devour stricken only his dominions and non Prince Prospero and his hale and light-hearted friends from among the knights and dames of his court (Poe par. 2). Poe makes it appear that the plague only strikes those that be not hale and light-hearted or only those that are wicked, depraved, or poor. When his dominions were cut in half and the depraved dominions were already cast out, Prince Prospero is said to summon his friends, and using a masquerade ball inside seven rooms, each in different color, of his castellated abbey, he entertains his friend s amid the plague.Poe describes the abbey This was an extensive and magnificent structure, the creation of the princes own showcase yet august taste. A strong and lofty wall girdled it in. This wall had gates of iron. The courtiers, having entered, brought furnaces and massy hammers and welded the bolts. (Poe par. 2) The study description of the castellated abbeys indicates that Prince Prospero and the one thousand light-hearted friends are being protected from the killing plague that has stricken over the land.Then Poe begins to describe extensively the seven colored rooms It was a voluptuous scene, that masquerade There was a sharp turn at every twenty or thirty yards, and at each turn a novel effect. To the right and left, in the middle of each wall, a tall and abbreviate Gothic window looked out upon a closed corridor which pursued the windings of the suite. These windows were of stained glass whose color alter in accordance with the prevailing hue of the decorations of the chamber into which it opened.(Poe par. 4) Poe mentions that, having to describe the decorations of the castellated abbey, Prince Prospero is actually eccentric, august, voluptuous, and bizarre. Poe besides mentions that the tastes of the duke were peculiar. He had a fine eye for colors and effects. He disregarded the decora of mere fashion. His plans were bold and fiery (par. 6). A mystifying figure suddenly appears, one that is described as a masked figure which had arrested the anxiety of no single individual before (par. 9).When Prince confronts the mystifying image, he suddenly falls dead, as contract in these lines There was a sharp cry and the dagger dropped gleaming upon the sable carpet, upon which, instantly afterwards, fell prostate in death the Prince Prospero (par. 12). The Red Death has entered the ball, and as the prince falls dead in the carpet, the concourse surges to the figure to remove the mask, only to find it empty. Each one falls to the ground, as the pla gue enters each of the one thousand guests in the ball. The Red Death surges upon all of the dominion.The Masque of the Red Death is one horror story in which Poe exemplifies great and immense description in every detail and fortune of the story. Poe uses symbols, such(prenominal) as colors and lines, in order to describe each detail magnificently and make the reader see distinctively. Rhine Boat Trip by Irvin Layton This 16-lined poem attempts to describe how the castles of the Rhine are haunted by ghosts of Jewish mothers and children in the lines The castles on the Rhine / are all haunted / by ghosts of Jewish mothers / looking for their phantasmal children (Rhine Boat Trip, L1-4).In contrast to Poes distinctive description, Laytons style is simple and easy to read and understand. It does not describe each detail individually but rather, puts the picture and leaves the reader free to describe each picture. It allows the reader to put in detail what the castle looked like at Rhi ne. Having to put the call for name of the castle in the line is enough to picture the detail distinctively. Unlike Poes style, which provides the exact picture by describing immensely the detail in the story, Laytons style is one that uses pronounces in order to describe immensely what the picture or detail appears to be.However, instead of describing the castle as something that is enormous, fantastic, or incredible as Poe has done, Layton pictures the castle in a horrifying mien And the clusters of grapes / in the sloping vineyards / are myriads of blind eyes / staring at the blind sun (Rhine Boat Trip, L5-8). Layton instantly pictures the castle as horrifying, which is different from Poes style, wherein the latter pictures the castle as magnificently decorated before interpreting it as horrifying in the latter portion of the story. Each word that Layton uses carries a specific meaning.This is different from the manner in which Poe writes, wherein he describes in detail only t o prove that the place is magnificent and is owned by a splendid duke living in the castle. In lines 5-8 of Laytons poem, for example, the clusters of grapes of line 5 does not merely depict the Jewish families but whitethorn depict families or communities that include everyone, including the reader. However, because Layton uses sloping when he describes the vineyards, it may conclude to something that is negative, since it goes downhill, which is symbolic.Something negative, such as negative customs or culture that are found in the family or community, might have been included in the clusters of people. The use of grapes also depicts meaning, since grapes are used by the Jewish during the Passover and Holocaust. Having depicted too, that the clusters of grapes are actually myriads of blinded eyes (Rhine L7), it appears that the Jewish families (or German families) are blinded to what is about to happen to them and the surrounding community.They are staring at the blind sun becaus e there is no hope for them in the end, since God is about to punish them, it is like God is nowhere in sight. In lines 9-10, wherein it says that the tireless Lorelei / can never comb from their hairs-breadth (Layton L9-10), it appears that Lorelei is praying and doing sacrifices to God and because she can never comb from their hair (Rhine L10), it symbolizes that important people in the community, such as Lorelei, pray and do sacrifices to God, so that the latter may show mercy to them and then remember His covenant with them.Lastly, lines 11-16 depict the rabbis that have been murdered and are holler The crimson beards / of murdered rabbis / however sweetly they sing / one hears only / the low wail of the oxen cars / moving invisibly crosswise the land (Rhine L11-16). Crimson is used to signify blood or death. The word one is being used to mean both the person that hears only the wailing rabbis, as sound as, the One God that appears to have turned His back on the Jewish people despite their prayers and offerings. cows cars are wailing in line 15, meaning that these cattle cars that are moving invisibly across the land (Rhine L16) are not with cattle but with people, which signifies a state that is inhumane and atrocious. The cattle cars are invisible because, first, no one had paid attention to them during their crisis and, second, what the author has been describing is something that had already happened in the past. This poem also depicts strong emotional response because of distinctive images that were used by the writer. Like Poes story, this poem uses images, such as castles, grapes, vineyards, sun, rabbis, and cattle cars.However, unlike Poes story, Laytons style is one that is simple yet direct one that is more symbolic than that of Poes. Conclusion Poes short story entitled The Masque of the Red Death, as well as, Laytons short poem entitled Rhine Boat Trip are both horrific, symbolic, and descriptive. However, Poes story is distinctively descrip tive in detail, with an enormous, fantastic castle. Laytons poem on the other hand, is simpler and direct, easier to read and understand, more distinctive in word, more symbolic in style, with a horrifying castle. Layton and Poe are alike yet diverse.Works Cited Laurent, Sabrina. Metaphor and Symbolism in The Masque of the Red Death. July 2003. United Nuke. 14 March 2009 http//www. boheme-magazine. net/php/modules. php? name=Newsfile=articlesid=46. Poe, Edgar Allan. The Masque of the Red Death. 2009. Jalic Incorporated. 14 March 2009 http//www. online-literature. com/poe/36/. Rhine Boat Trip (1977). N. d. Gonzaga University. 14 March 2009 http//barney. gonzaga. edu/rolson3/Layton. html. Other Sources Roberts, Edgar. Writing About Literature Brief (11the ed. ). White Plains, NY Pearson Longman, 2005.

Effective and Organizational Communication Essay Example for Free

impressive and Organizational Communication EssayThe line of pedigree Effective and Organizational Communication has truly been rewarding because almost of the things I find intentional from my material body atomic number 18 actually life skills that find real value in the outside world. While Effective and Organizational Communication is intended for the corporate setting, these skills are not actually specific to certain industries kind of they are universally functional in whatever field of endeavor one may proclivity to pursue. This paper intends to look at three major areas of learning that were tackled in the course and discuss their veracious applications. The first area is Public Speaking. There are many free resources on public disquisition on the Internet. Indeed, having the aptitude for public speaking is a special kind of power because you are in a position to convince people to make certain decisions and choices. What you say is as master(prenominal) as how you say it. In incident, the delivery is what separates a sound public speaker from one who is simply good with words. In a nutshell, public speaking is all about presentation.From the websites that I adjudge checked out, I have realized how important it is to be able to address an hearing and hold their duration for the good time that you are speaking. And this does not only take place during formal occasions we all carry through public speaking in school and in work. Among the most useful tip I have read is to let your audience be active participants in your speech. As much as possible, seduce a speech that allows for audience to demonstrate certain points of the topic.For instance, if you are talking about the power of knowledge, have someone from the audience describe the route he or she takes from home to a certain place. From there, you sewer segue to making a point about how one nooky be very well-fixed discussing something that one is very familiar with, even in front of an audience of strangers. This particular talk or presentation is made all the more(prenominal) effective because you prove your point through random audience participation. QAR or question and answer underscores the importance of the relationship of answers to questions.In communication, it is important that your answers do not swerve that they are tightly focused and directly answer the question. Similarly, if you are the one requesting the question, your statement should similarly be succinct and direct to the point. This is important so that any miscommunication or misunderstanding can be prevented, and the issues resolved in the soonest possible time. In education, teachers must be able to design questions that can best elicit the desired response, or the target skill.If the questions are ambiguous, the students allow have a rough time structuring their answers. From the readings that I have made, I have realized that questions serve as the frame by which answ ers attach themselves, and as such the ability to design effective questions is the key to an effective QAR. There are several types of QAR, and their use depends on what skills you necessitate to assess. As I have previously mentioned, QAR is especially important for teachers as they attempt to assess different types of cognitive levels and operations.For example, if you want to try out the ability of the students to analyze, then ask for information that goes beyond what is available in the text or material. In analysis, the presumption is that the fundamental concepts of the lesson are well-understood and thus be able to make generalizations or apply the concepts in other situations (Steele, 1997). In QAR, the most important issue is to determine the type of response you want to elicit in order to test the target skill. Another topic in Effective and Organizational Communication is Email Etiquette.Indeed as the world becomes more and more connected, the email is becoming the pr eferred mode of communication for business and individual(prenominal) correspondences. While the email is generally considered as less formal than a standard letter, that is slowly changing. In fact, there is an entire set of rules governing email, outlining how to use this medium in a formal and effectual way. According to the online writing lab of Purdue University, email etiquette refers to the set of guidelines that experts believe should govern the exchange of communication via electronic mail or email for short.These experts believe that the electronic medium is not an excuse to forget our tact and proper usage. (Hughes, 2002) To be safe, just write your email as you would an ordinary letter, only be more succinct. As a general rule of thumb, emails must be concise and up to the point. This is due to the fact that people read the computer differently than they would a regular book or text. Of course, the email you will be making depends on the intention of your letter. For personal letters, you are given more freedom, but for business emails, it is better to maintain a formal tone.In any case, letter should always be interact as a reflection of the writer, regardless whether it is an ordinary letter or an email. How you want to present yourself and how you want to be perceived depends on how you organize your thoughts and write them down. All of these three concepts are part and nerve tract of an effective organizational communication. But beyond organizational communication, all the three lessons that I have learned can be used in all aspects of my life because communication is an activity that all of us pursue on a daily basis.