Essay Topics Ideas For College

Essay Topics Ideas For CollegeIf you are a struggling college student, you might be looking for some essay topics ideas for college. However, all of your friends, and even the professor, will be rather cynical if you fail to apply their ideas to the essay topics. Do not be worried about their response, because you can easily find other ideas for college for your writing.The essay topics ideas for college are generally created by the college instructor. All of the topics they prepare are meant to be interesting, as well as helpful to the students. If you want to know how you can write that assignment the right way, then consider some ideas for college essay topics.You can easily find some ideas for college essay topics by looking at the college instructor's office. In fact, you can even ask some of your classmates who are interested in getting into a higher education. While they might have no specific ideas for the subject, they could definitely help you out with ideas for your essay topics.Not everyone who is interested in college has some ideas for essay topics. However, they could tell you a great deal about the way the college instructor feels about certain topics. The professor is not the only one who can provide this information. Students, and even parents, can also give their opinions on certain topics. If you are looking for essay topics ideas for college, you will have to be sure to ask these people about the topics they are involved with.Once you have already written your essay on certain topics, then you can get some ideas for college essay topics ideas for college. These ideas will probably be useful to you, because it is always good to have something to look up. Asking an expert or a classmate for their ideas will be a great help, as well as a conversation about your topic.Finally, if you are interested in searching for college essay topics ideas for college, then it is recommended that you find some sources for your essay topics. While you can get your college essay topics ideas for college from the faculty, students, and even parents, you should also get some ideas from other sources. This will give you ideas for the topic that are fresh and interesting.The essay topics ideas for college can be obtained from any source. However, you should use a variety of sources, as this will give you more ideas to choose from. You will be able to get the information you need, and you will also be able to use it in your essay.

Procurement and Contract Management in Adams v Cullen - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1269 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Case study Did you like this example? Procurement and Contract Management Adams v Cullen In early 2013 Edward Cullen approached the Adams Family to negotiate a long term lease of a disused warehouse site, in order to develop low cost housing. During early negotiations it was agreed that the project would be ready by June 2014, with Adams to cover construction costs until the apartments were ready to be sublet. In March 2013 Cullenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s solicitors sent Adams a draft lease agreement assuring them if they heard nothing more within 10 days that Cullen had, for his part, affirmed the terms and had executed the agreement. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Procurement and Contract Management in Adams v Cullen" essay for you Create order Not hearing from Cullen or his solicitors, Adams assumed the project was to go ahead and commenced work. In November 2013, without informing Adams, Cullen decided to the lease agreement put on hold, based on negative information gathered in a recent feasibility study. In January 2014 notified Adams that he would no longer be leasing the estate, on the basis he had not formally and legally executed the lease. At this point Adams had incurred considerable expense on the project, assuming that they had a legally binding agreement with Cullen, and still had a contractual agreement with Better Constructions. Promissory Estoppel offers Adams a path for legal recourse against Cullen. As they may sue for specific performance, enforcing Cullen to maintain his promise to lease the apartments. Promissory estoppel acts as a tool to rectify an injustice where a promise has been made by one party, which another party has relied upon to its detriment (Szantyr, 2011). In this case Adams has relie d on the implied contractual agreement formed with Cullen to commence the project, establishing various contracts with third parties in the process. It could be argued that while no formal contract was commence between the two parties, Cullen knew of the work being undertaken by Adams and his inaction could circumstance constituted encouragement or inducement for Adams to continue work (Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher, 1988, p. 387). Therefore, Cullenà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s withdrawal from the contractual agreement could equate to unconscionable conduct, thus becoming liable for legal action. By allowing Adams to undertake the work (employing contactors) under a false assumption that a contract had come into existence. Eastside Constructions v Adams Holdings Eastside Constructions (EC) is undertaking legal action on the basis that their tender should have been accepted, rather than that offered by Better Constructions, for the contract to design and construct a number o f self-contained units. Their claim is that, due to their proven track record with this type of project and their lower priced quote, they should have been awarded the tender. However, traditionally the tender process is viewed as an invitation to treat and is no more than an invitation to make an offer, with no binding legal obligation to any particular contractor (Szantyr, 2011). Therefore Adams was free to select whichever contractor they would like. However, given that Adams Holdings issued specific selection criteria as part of the tender process it is possible for EC to enact legal proceedings. The request for tender becomes an obligation of good faith, requiring the inviter (Adams) to provide an equal opportunity to all tenders and review them correspondingly (NSW Department of Finance Services, 2010). If it can be proven that Adams did not follow the evaluation procedure listed in their tender selection criteria, EC may have recourse to claim the costs of preparing it s tender (Hughes Aircraft v Airservices Australia, 1997, p. 146). The outcome of this case is determinate on if it can be proven that Adams did not follow the selection criteria outlined in their request for tender. Better Constructions v Big Equipment Supplies The dispute of Better Constructions (BC) v Big Equipment Supplies (BES) sees BC suing BES for breach of contract. After BC were required to purchase building supplies (scaffolding supplies) from a third party, at an increased amount. BES advertised the items for a cost of $28,500, an offer was made by BC to purchase the goods over a series of monthly payments. BES rejected this offer but made a counter offer of the original full amount, thus becoming the offeror in this situation. Upon comparing the price against equivalent equipment, BC decided to accept the offer, sending a letter of acceptance on May 6th. The letter was received by BES May 8th. However, as of May 7th the goods had already been sold to a third part y. Generally, the offeror can revoke any offer it has made, as until an offer is accepted there is no binding contract. Therefore, the question in this case is when the offer was accepted (Szantyr, 2011). The postal rule allows us to determine when the offer was accepted. The postal rule states that if acceptance is made by post, than any offer is accepted as soon as the letter is posted, even if delivery of the letter is delayed or the letter never reaches the offeror (permitting properly addressed, stamped and posted) (Adams v Lindsell, 1818, p. 250). Therefore, BESà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s offer (counteroffer) was accepted May 7th, before they sold the equipment to the third party. Consequently, Better constructions should be able to legally obtain compensation for losses from the contract breach by Big Equipment Supplies (as a result of BC having to purchase the same equipment from a third party). Woodwards v Better Constructions Woodwards (WW) are in the process of decidi ng whether or not to undertake legal action against Better Constructions (BC) for failing to pay an extra payment that they had promised, in addition to the original contract amount. BC contracted WW to install timber framing, at a fee of $30,000 and to be completed by December 1st. However, after deliberation about the impacts and penalties of late delivery of the construction project BC promised a further $5000 if the project was completed by December 1st. This dispute deals with aspects of contract law, specifically, Consideration in existing contractual duties (commercial benefit) (Australiancontractlaw.com, 2014). In this case consideration was originally given by BC to WW to complete the timber framing by a set date at a rate of $30,000. BC will argue that the further consideration (of $5000) falls under the previous contractual arrangements and scope, and therefore they are not liable to fulfil the new consideration. However, it could be proven that BC received an addit ional à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"practical benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ from the on time completion of the work, namely (Szantyr, 2011): The continuation of work without stoppage; The avoidance of a penalty from the building owner for late completion of the building project; and The avoidance of the trouble and expense of having to engage another sub-contractor. Therefore, although falling under an existing contractual duty, BC received a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"practical benefità ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ when WW completed the works on time, thus providing good consideration (Williams v Roffey Bros. Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd., 1990, p. 512). WW should peruse BC to claim the promised payment. Bibliography Australiancontractlaw.com. 2014. Australian Contract Law | Julie Clarke. [online] Available at: https://www.australiancontractlaw.com/ [Accessed: 4 Apr 2014]. Gooley, J., Radan, P. and Vickovich, I. 2007. Principles of Australian contract law. Chatswood, NSW: LexisNexis Butterworths. Groves, M. 2005. Law and government in Australia. Sydney: Federation Press. Innovation.gov.au. 2014. What is valid consideration? [online] Available at: https://www.innovation.gov.au/smallbusiness/LegalHelp/LegalTopics/BusinessRelationships/Pages/WhatIsValidConsideration.aspx [Accessed: 4 Apr 2014]. NSW Department of Finance Services. 2010. Tendering Manua l. Sydney: NSW Department of Finance Services. Poole, J. 2004. Textbook on contract law. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Szantyr, M. 2011. Lecture Notes Procurement and Contract Management. Adelaide: University of South Australia. Legal References Adams v Lindsell. 1818. 160 ER 250. Hughes Aircraft v Airservices Australia. 1997. 1 ALR 146 Waltons Stores (Interstate) Ltd v Maher. 1988. 164 CLR 387. Williams v Roffey Bros. Nicholls (Contractors) Ltd. 1990. 1 All ER 512. J. Creech Procurement and Contract Management 2014

Effects Of Anorexia Nervosa And Binge Eating Disorder (...

Nobody’s Perfect Nobody’s perfect, right? Well at least that is what children grew up being told by parents all over the world. However, as those children grow older, they become less interested in playing with barbie dolls and more interested in looking like one. A huge factor that causes this new mindset in children, teenage girls and young women is the increasing amount of social media being used. Everywhere you look on popular social media sites such as Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Tumblr you can see dieting advertisements or a picture of a way to skinny model or even a quote that praises eating disorders. The most common eating disorders today are bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa, and binge eating disorder (Deans). Although these terrible diseases are just recently being researched and cured, there have been cases documented all the way back to the eightieth century (Deans). The most research is done in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia (Pe rloff). Bulimia nervosa is associated with dieting, or not losing weight quickly enough, anorexia nervosa is categorized by the extreme fear of gaining any type of weight or fat, and binge eating disorder is described as someone forcing themselves to vomit after consuming large amounts of food (Kaye). The cause of eating disorders is not very concrete, but recently many studies have been done to see if there is a link between social media and eating disorders. While some people think that social media doesShow MoreRelatedEating Disorders Have Multiple Complex Causes; The Media is not to Blame 1568 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the topic of eating disorders (ED), anorexia, bulimia, starving, purging, or any other form of self harm is brought into an everyday conversation, it is simply looked at as nothing out of them norm and is just brushed off as if the topic was concerning what the President had for lunch that day. At first glance, the average person would probably conclude that the main reason eating disorders are so noted in young women today is simply due to the fact that the media puts so much pressure on these

The Problem Of Procrastination By Piers Steel - 3671 Words

Piers Steel (2007) described it best when he stated that to procrastinate is to voluntarily delay an intended course of action despite expecting to be worse off for the delay. Procrastination is a universally experienced action to which many people can relate. There are many different facets of life where people find reasons to delay and postpone actions and tasks, whether it is academically, in the workplace or in personal life. The statistical data is steep and demonstrates how serious the problem of procrastination is for so many individuals both within and outside the academic world. Piers Steel (2007) stated that 80-95% of college students engage in procrastination. Many studies have shown how procrastination in students results in lower grades and well-being. Tice and Baumeister (1997) reported that university students who rated high on procrastination not only received low grades but also reported a high level of stress along with poor self-rated health (Choi and Chu, 2005). O ver 80% of Americans put off funding a personal retirement plan for the future (Byrne, et al., 2006; O’Donoghue Rabin, 1999; Venti, 2006, as cited by Ferrari, Ngyen Steel, 2013). Additionally, 25% of the adult population identify with being a procrastinator and state that it is a defining personality trait (Ferrari, et al., 2007; Steel, 2007, as cited by Ferrari, Ngyen Steel, 2013). The percentage of people who have identified with procrastination quadrupled between 1978 and 2002Show MoreRelatedProcrastination Is The Thief Of Time868 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Procrastination is the thief of time.† Edward Young The ability to procrastinate can be very easy. Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary defines procrastinate as: to put off intentionally and habitually, to put off intentionally the doing of something that should be done. (online) To choose something enjoyable over a task that must be done is sometimes very easy. Why do we procrastinate? Why do we make the choice to put off todays task till tomorrow? What are some of the causes of procrastinationRead MoreEffects Of Procrastination727 Words   |  3 PagesProcrastination Over the years procrastination has become a bigger and bigger problem for our world. Many people take procrastination for granted or do not think of it as a big deal. But, what those people dont know is that this harsh epidemic is becoming a serious problem for many people. According to author Piers Steel of the book The Procrastination Equation, in the past quarter century the average self-score of procrastinators have increased by thirty-nine percent. In other words, more thanRead MoreWhy Do People Procrastinate And How Can They Avoid It?3145 Words   |  13 PagesAvoid It? Procrastination is pervasive. It has become a widespread tendency of delaying tasks, not only at work, but also in personal and social aspects of people’s lives. In the United States, the cost of procrastination is over a trillion dollars (Steel 101). By using time productively, people can change the procrastination model. Therefore, realization and awareness of the causes of procrastination can help people use different techniques to avoid it. From the Latin, procrastination means puttingRead MoreInformative Speech On Procrastination1023 Words   |  5 Pagesto this and we have all done this to ourselves before. I’m talking about procrastination. B. Social Significance: For many of us, procrastination is a strong and inexplicable force that prevents us from completing our important and urgent tasks. It’s like the same thing when you bring the like poles of magnets together, it repels. And according to a statistical analysis from The University of Calgary psychologist Piers Steel, PhD, he says, that 80 to 95 percent of college students procrastinate whenRead MoreSpeech Against Procrastination1290 Words   |  6 Pagesschool students are too tired to do anything and parents are putting off their morning meetings until the afternoon! And do you know what causes all this chaos? Just five syllables: PROCRASTINATION. From the æ…â€"æŠ £l do it later?excuse to the æ…‰w man, I canæŠ ° believe I put this until the last minute!?worrying, procrastination is ruining our lives! We have all procrastinated in our lifetime whether it may be delaying to take the dog out or finishing a major school project like writing a per suasive speechRead MoreWe Must Work to Overcome Procrastination Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesbehaviors, our emotions, moods, and personalities. A lack of self-control that keeps us from achieving tasks with our full potential. Procrastination by definition is the act or habit of putting off or delaying something. Procrastination is a problem that has been increasing amongst many. Many believe it is most common amongst college students but it is actually a problem that is experienced by different demographic groups including: stay at home wives, workers, and children. And while our excuses mayRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pagesstrategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth – and often providing ‘solutions’ to some of the problems or difï ¬ culties identiï ¬ ed in the case. There are also over 33 classic cases on the Companion Website. These are a selection of cases from recent editions of the book which remain relevant for teaching. The case studies are intended to serve as a basis

Ethical Dilemmas Of An Ethical Dilemma - 1026 Words

Introduction In every nurse’s career there are times when you have to decide when to do the right thing regardless of what you want to do. These decisions are not easy to make and often create ethical dilemmas. Situations will arise and nurses have a duty to protect the patients and themselves. This paper will outline a significant event in my practice that caused an ethical dilemma. Clinical Situation Ethical dilemmas are defined situations in which, there is a choice to be made between two options, neither of which resolves the situation in an ethically acceptable fashion (Your Dictionary). I had not been practicing as a nurse for long when I had to face an ethical dilemma. At the time, I was working at a long-term care†¦show more content†¦As defined, privacy is the freedom to not be observed or intruded upon without authorization and to control access to one’s personal information (Fowler, 2015). When the nurse snapped a picture of a patient without their consent, she was violating that patient’s right to privacy. Although, the person she sent the photo to may not have known the patient, and the patient did not see her take the photo, it is still an infringement of privacy. It is the nurse’s duty to protect the patient’s right. The ANA says confidentiality and privacy are at the top of the list of patient rights that nurses must protect (Fowler, 2015). Literature Review When faced with ethical dilemmas, it is tough to know where to turn and can leave nurses with different emotions. However, there are different resources that nurses can turn to that can help them work through dilemmas. The first article I found that had resources for nurses during an ethical dilemma was written by Debora Wood, RN. In this article titled â€Å"10 Best Practices for Addressing Ethical Issues and Moral Distress†, she gave nurses several suggestions of places they can turn to for help. These resources she included were Nurse Managers, ethics experts, professional associations, and outside counseling (Wood, 2014). Another article IShow MoreRelatedEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1538 Words   |  7 Pages1. Discuss an ethical dilemma that you have had to face in the workplace. Ethical dilemmas often occur when a manager or an employee is faced with two or more conflicting choices. Give as many facts and details as possible in describing your dilemma. The most difficult ethical dilemma I have dealt with was a summer job I had this past summer, while I was working for a bakery in my hometown. This past particular summer really tested what I believe is right and wrong and how to speak up. One of myRead MoreEthical Dilemmas Of The Workplace1291 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Dilemmas in the Workplace As a manager, you are the role model for staff. You set the standards, adhere to guidelines, and exemplify what you expect staff to model. By doing so, you are establishing and sustaining an organizational culture of ethics and integrity, which is the backbone of all successful endeavors. However, even the best structured organizations face ethical dilemmas in the workplace. It is how management recognizes and addresses these occurrences that will either set themRead MoreEthical Dilemma Assignment1766 Words   |  8 PagesCONSENT FORM Thank you for being willing to take part in this interview exploring ethical conflict or turbulence. I would like to transcribe the content of this interview to form a written document to be submitted to Sheffield Hallam University as a piece of assessed piece of coursework. It is important that you only take part in this interview if you want to. As such I would be delighted if you would complete and sign this confidentiality questionnaire prior to the interview taking place. (i)Read MoreCase Analysis : Ethical Dilemma1318 Words   |  6 PagesTitle of Paper: Ethical Dilemma One INTRODUCTION Mrs. Smith, is an 81-year-old widow. She has been widowed for over twenty years. She has been very independent with some assistance from neighbors due to her son living out of the area and unable to assist. Recently, she has had issues with her independence. She has set two accidental fires that caused damages to her apartment, as well as had a recent fall in the bathtub. These issues have gained her son’s attention which has led him to requestRead MoreEthical Dilemma at Workplace Essay1192 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Introduction – What is an ethical dilemma? Ethics is the term we give to our concern for good behavior.   It is human nature to not only be concerned with our own personal well being, but also that of others and of human society as a whole.   The difference between moral dilemmas and ethical ones, philosophers say, is that in moral issues the choice is between right and wrong.   In ethical ones, the choice is between two rights. Everyday Im faced with decisions of right and wrong, most of whichRead Moret Types of ethical dilemmas Mastery67Questions123Materials Essay2477 Words   |  10 PagesTypes of ethical dilemmas Mastery 67% Questions 1 2 3 Materials on the concept: Typical Moral Dilemmas Confronting Business Communicators Ethics and Law for Management Communication Top of Form 1. As part of an effort to hire younger workers, a multinational organization assures applicants that they will get to visit its offices in other countries and work with the employees there. However, only two out of every nine workers actually get selected for such projects. What moral dilemma best fitsRead MoreThe Ethical Dilemmas of Collecting Data and the Consequential Revision of Commodities, Culture and the Politics of Representations Definitions 1751 Words   |  7 Pagesinformation or data has become assets to companies, being regarded as property to be bought and sold to between companies. However, this has put forward the following primary ethical dilemmas surrounding human rights: the right to informed consent and the right to personal data. In addition to the creation of ethical dilemmas, the collection of human data has brought about a need for a revision of definitions. Commodities are known as a raw material or primary agricultural product that can be boughtRead More Will the Real Lupe Garza Please Stand Up? Essay1216 Words   |  5 PagesAn ethical dilemma is defined as a moral issue, where a situation has two equivalent undesirable alternatives and neither choice will resolve the ethical predicament. Lupe Garza, mother of two children, is a temporary employee at a plant. Garza is an excellent and talented worker, and supervisors have taken notice in her skills. A human resource specialist named Sara Jones, mislead Garza in thinking she would unquestionably obtain a permanent job position at the plant, causing Garza to turn downRead MoreThe Ethical Principles Of Respect For Autonomy984 Words   |  4 Pagesthe nurse to administer blood despite Mark’s refusal. This situation presents an ethical dilemma to the health professionals involved in Mark’s care. The ethical dilemma is whether to uphold his decision not to receive the blood and therefore risk his life or give him the blood to save his life despite knowing his religious status and beliefs. There are several ethical principles involved in this scenario. The ethical principles of respect for Autonomy, Beneficence, Non-maleficence, Veracity and FidelityRead MoreDuty to Warn Essays1522 Words   |  7 PagesDuty t o Warn Jessica Hall PSYCH/545 09/4/2011 Dr. P. Duty to Warn The ethical dilemma I wish to explore is The Duty to Warn. This refers to the duty of a counselor, therapist to breach one of the most important bonds between a client and a therapist; the law of confidentiality. The therapist has the right to break confidentiality without the fear of being brought up for legal action. If the therapist believes that the client poses a danger, or is a threat to himself, someone else, or society

Case Revenue free essay sample

In looking over the past several years of quarterly earnings reports at the Home Security Division, she noticed that the first-quarter earnings were always poor, the second-quarter earnings were slightly better, the third-quarter earnings were again slightly better, and the fourth quarter always ended with a spectacular performance in which the Home Security Division managed to meet or exceed its target profit for the year. She also was concerned to find letters from the companys external auditors to top management warning about an unusual use of standard costs at the Home Security Division. When Ms. Cummins ran across these letters, she asked the assistant controller, Gary Farber, if he knew what was going on at the Home Security Division. Gary said that it was common knowledge in the company that the vice president in charge of the Home Security Division, Preston Lansing, had rigged the standards at his division in order to produce the same quarterly earnings pattern every year. According to company policy, variances are taken directly to the income statement as an adjustment to cost of goods sold. Favorable variances have the effect of increasing net operating income, and unfavorable variances have the effect of decreasing net operating income. Lansing had rigged the standards so that there were always large favorable variances. Company policy was a little vague about when these variances have to be reported on the divisional income statements. While the intent was clearly to recognize variances on the income statement in the period in which they arise, nothing in the companys accounting manuals actually explicitly required this. So for many years, Lansing had followed a practice of saving up the favorable variances and using them to create a nice smooth pattern of earnings growth in the first three quarters, followed by a big â€Å"Christmas present† of an extremely good fourth quarter. (Financial reporting regulations forbid carrying variances forward from one year to the next on the annual audited financial statements, so all of the variances must appear on the divisional income statement by the end of the year. ) Ms. Cummins was concerned about these indings and attempted to bring up the subject with the president of Merced Home Products but was told that â€Å"we all know what Lansings doing, but as long as he continues to turn in such good reports, dont bother him. † When Ms. Cummins asked if the board of directors was aware of the situation, the president somewhat testily replied, â€Å"Of course they are aware. † Required: * 1. How did Preston Lansing probably â€Å"rig† th e standard costs—are the standards set too high or too low? Explain. * 2. Should Preston Lansing be permitted to continue his practice of managing reported earnings? 3. What should Stacy Cummins do in this situation? Accounting queston how to rig standard cost for favorable variances? Here is my question, A VP of a company is rigging standard cost each year to show a large favorable variance. How does he do that? In the first quarter earnings are poor, a little better in second and third quarter and really great in the fourth quarter. How is he doing this? * 3 years ago * Report Abuse Additional Details the vice president had rigged the standards at his division in order to produce the same quarterly earnings pattern every year. According to company policy, variances are taken directly to the income statement as an adjustment to cost of goods sold. Lansing had rigged the standards so that there were always large favorable variances. How did Preston Lansing probably â€Å"rig† the standard costs – are the standards set too high to too low? Explain. Thanks for any help.. this is all the information I have. 3 years ago by Daniel Member since: June 19, 2009 Total points: 426 (Level 2) * Add Contact * Block Best Answer Chosen by Voters The standards are set too high. When the products are run at a lower cost than the standard, then this produces a favorable variance. The COGS and variance should net to the correct cost though (this is the reason the system creates the variance). The bigger problem here is that any inventory is likely to be overvalued because of wrong standards. Finished goods inventory is valued at the standard cost. So if there is a lot of inventory at an inflated cost, then the COGS is being reduced on the income statement too much because of this. If the inventory were to be revalued at its correct standard cost, there would be a large expense to the income statement. I would say he has been building inventory, more and more each quarter. Source(s): www. cost-accounting-info. com Standards Rigging Standards Case 10-27 /Rigging Standards 1) How did Preston Lansing Probably ‘rig’ the standard costs-are the standards set too high or too low? Explain The standards are set too high. When the products are run at a lower cost than the standard, then this produces a favorable variance. The cost of goods sold and variance should net to the correct cost though and this is the reason the system creates the variance. Lansing set a loose standard which the standard quantities and standard price are high, flowing this situation favorable variances will ordinarily result from operations. When the standard cost set artificially high, the standard cost of goods sold also will be artificially high, and then the division’s net operating income will be depressed until the favorable variances are recognized. If Lansing saves the favorable variances, he can release just enough in the second and third quarters to show some improvement and then he can release all of the rest in the last quarter, by creating Is this essay helpful? Join OPPapers to read more and access more than 650,000 just like it! get better grades the annual Christmas present. The problem is any inventory is to be overvalued because of wrong standards. Finished goods inventory is valued at the standard cost. If there is a lot of inventory at an inflated cost, then the cost of goods sold is being reduced on the income statement too much because of this. If the inventory were to be revalued at its correct standard cost, there would be a large expense to the income statement. It is better to build a inventory each quarter. ) Should Preston Lansing be permitted to continue his practice of managing reported earning? He should not permit to continue this practice, because it distorts the quarterly earnings for both the division and the company. The distortions of the division’s quarterly earnings are troubling because the manipulations may mask real signs of trouble and it may mislead external users of the financial statements. Lansing sho uld not be rewarded for manipulating earnings because the permissive attitude of top Posting 2 CASE 9–26 Ethics and the Manager [LO3] Lance Prating is the controller of the Colorado Springs manufacturing facility of Prudhom Enterprises, Inc. The annual cost control report is one of the many reports that must be filed with corporate headquarters and is due at corporate headquarters shortly after the beginning of the New Year. Prating does not like putting work off to the last minute, so just before Christmas he prepared a preliminary draft of the cost control report. Some adjustments would later be required for transactions that occur between Christmas and New Years Day. A copy of the preliminary draft report, which Prating completed on December 21, follows: Tab Kapp, the general manager at the Colorado Springs facility, asked to see a copy of the preliminary draft report. Prating carried a copy of the report to Kapps office where the following discussion took place: * Kapp: Wow! Almost all of the variances on the report are unfavorable. The only favorable variances are for supervisory salaries and industrial engineering. How did we have an unfavorable variance for depreciation? * Prating: Do you remember that milling machine that broke down because the wrong lubricant was used by the achine operator? * Kapp: Yes. Prating: We couldnt fix it. We had to scrap the machine and buy a new one. Kapp: This report doesnt look good. I was raked over the coals last year when we had just a few unfavorable variances. * Prating: Im afraid the final report is going to look even worse * Kapp: Oh? Prating: The line item for industrial engineering on the report is for work we hired Sanchez Engineering to do for us. The original contract was for $160,000, but we asked them to do some additional work that was not in the contract. We have to reimburse Sanchez Engineering for the costs of that additional work. The $154,000 in actual costs that appears on the preliminary draft report reflects only their billings up through December 21. The last bill they had sent us was on November 28, and they completed the project just last week. Yesterday I got a call from Mary Jurney over at Sanchez and she said they would be sending us a final bill for the project before the end of the year. The total bill, including the reimbursements for the additional work, is going to be†¦Kapp: I am not sure I want to hear this. * Prating: $176,000Kapp: Ouch! Prating: The additional work added $16,000 to the cost of the project.

Comparative Critique Milgram vs. Asch free essay sample

In a comparative critique similarities and differences are given between two articles as well as the readers own opinion of the authors’ work. In Stanley Milgram’s â€Å"The Perils of Obedience†, certain experiments were conducted on separate types of individuals. Milgram forces his subjects to administer shocks to a non-existent person on the other side of a wall. This experiment questions the obedience of individuals when put in a sadistic environment. On the other hand in Solomon E. Asch’s â€Å"Opinions and Social Pressure†, he gives a basic line reading test to a unanimous group versus his accomplices. Asch’s accomplices give the wrong answer on easy questions and this pushes the unanimous group into a hesitant situation. The author tests the responses of the unanimous group in order to better understand obedience under stress or controversy. In both of the articles, humanity’s obedience is assessed in different circumstances. Without a sense of obedience, society cannot function. Even though there are many similarities between Milgram and Asch, they are different in these three ways. While participants in Milgram’s experiment faced a one on one trial, students in Asch’s tests encountered a one on several trial. In Milgram’s article, results show a higher rate of confidence on a one on one situation rather than a group setting. When the teacher is told to administer the shocks, they are more willing since they cannot see the person in pain. The blind aspect of the procedure enhances the willingness of the participant. In Asch’s experiment, the confidence levels of the unanimous contestants significantly lower due to the publicity and peer pressure. As the instructor holds up the cards, the accomplices each share their answer leaving the unanimous participant last. When the contestants defy the dissenter it creates self-doubt. The dissenter is left feeling insecure and unsure of his answer. â€Å"The dissenter becomes more and more worried and hesitant as the disagreement continues in succeeding trials† (Asch 3). These results conclude that confidence plays off of obedience. In addition to the differences between the Milgram and Asch articles, one can point out that responsibility plays a major role in obedience along with insecurity and peer pressure. Throughout Milgrams article, obedience is a common aspect. Obedience and responsibility are like Siamese twins; both carry out the same action. Within Milgrams experiment, most off the responsibility lies in the hands of the experimenter. The experimenter is the one who forces the teacher to carry out any and all orders regardless of how he/she feels about it. For example, during Milgrams tests, the experimenter repeatedly states, I accept all responsibility, the responsibility is mine, Im responsible for anything that happens, please continue (Milgram 81). Furthermore, Asch relays an alternative point in his article. In this section, the contestants convey a false responsibility resulting in excuses. Instead of the subjects blaming the experimenter, they attributed their own poor eyesight and bad judgement. The others who acted independently believed it was their own obligation to call the play as they saw it and failure to do so was also their own responsibility (Asch 144). In final consideration, all of the points efficiently perceive society and how responsibility is a regular concept. At this level, one can expect insecurity and responsibility to be connected to both society and obedience. Along with these points comes gender which also ties to the central theme of obedience in society. In other words, gender is a determining factor in the Milgram and Asch articles. In terms of relating gender to theses articles, Milgram tests on both men and women while Asch only test on men. The past stereotype of men and women is quite a controversy. For example, people assume men work at a real job all day while women stay at home doing chores and cooking for the family. Present day the stereotype still exists but isnt as strong. In Milgrams article he tested both men and women to have a variation of results. Opposing Milgram, Asch tests on only men in order to have a more controlled experiment and similar results. The responses of the genders reflect on their standard conformity and how they are portrayed in modern day. If society did not have both men and women, there would not be an equilibrium of obedience. Although the authors did not specify on gender, their results could have proved a better answer. In final analysis, the Milgram and Asch articles are different in three significant factors. Insecurity, responsibility, and gender all test different levels of humanitys obedience, but, they come together and make society function in a revolving way. Insecurity and peer pressure relate to obedience in the sense that society is put under stressful situations. Responsibility of society reflects on peoples obedience. In the experiments, the subjects either took responsibility for their actions or blamed it on someone else. Society has a similar routine to this. People take responsibility for their actions or dont and that decides their obedience. Lastly, gender correlates to how society functions with roles and stereotypes. Throughout the readings, one comes to the general consensus that they are informal. The authors wrote the articles in an extremely relaxed manor forcing readers to look farther for the underlying messages. The authors efficiently explained obedience. The unexpected situations discovered truly accorded to the writers overall purpose. The authors elucidated on the issues presented completely and clearly.